<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-7"?>
<!--
Ôï Åã÷åéñßäéï ôïõ FreeBSD: PPP êáé SLIP
The FreeBSD Greek Documentation Project
$FreeBSD$
%SOURCE% en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml
%SRCID% 39010
-->
<chapter id="ppp-and-slip">
<chapterinfo>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Jim</firstname>
<surname>Mock</surname>
<contrib>ÁíáäïìÞèçêå, áíáäéïñãáíþèçêå, êáé áíáíåþèçêå áðü
ôïí </contrib>
<!-- 1 Mar 2000 -->
</author>
</authorgroup>
</chapterinfo>
<title>PPP êáé SLIP</title>
<sect1 id="ppp-and-slip-synopsis">
<title>Óýíïøç</title>
<indexterm id="ppp-ppp">
<primary>PPP</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm id="ppp-slip">
<primary>SLIP</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôï &os; äéáèÝôåé ðëÞèïò ôñüðùí ãéá ôç óýíäåóç åíüò õðïëïãéóôÞ ìå
Ýíá Üëëï. Ãéá íá åðéôý÷åôå óýíäåóç ìÝóù modem óôï Internet Þ óå Ýíá
Üëëï äßêôõï, Þ ãéá íá åðéôñÝøåôå óå Üëëïõò íá óõíäåèïýí ìÝóù
ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò, áðáéôåßôáé ç ÷ñÞóç PPP Þ SLIP. Ôï êåöÜëáéï áõôü
ðåñéãñÜöåé ëåðôïìåñþò ôïí ôñüðï ñýèìéóçò ôùí ðáñáðÜíù õðçñåóéþí ãéá
÷ñÞóç ìÝóù modem.</para>
<para>Áöïý äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï, èá îÝñåôå:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï PPP ÷ñÞóôç (User PPP).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï PPP ðõñÞíá (Kernel PPP, ìüíï ãéá
&os; 7.X).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï <acronym>PPPoE</acronym> (PPP ìÝóù
Ethernet).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï <acronym>PPPoA</acronym> (PPP ìÝóù
ATM).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá ñõèìßóåôå Ýíá ðåëÜôç êáé åîõðçñåôçôÞ SLIP (ìüíï ãéá
&os; 7.X).</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<indexterm id="ppp-ppp-user">
<primary>PPP</primary>
<secondary>user PPP</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm id="ppp-ppp-kernel">
<primary>PPP</primary>
<secondary>kernel PPP</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm id="ppp-ppp-ethernet">
<primary>PPP</primary>
<secondary>over Ethernet</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ðñéí äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï, èá ðñÝðåé:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Íá åßóôå åîïéêåéùìÝíïò ìå ôç âáóéêÞ ïñïëïãßá ôùí äéêôýùí.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Íá êáôáíïåßôå ôéò âáóéêÝò Ýííïéåò êáé ôï óêïðü ôùí åðéëïãéêþí
óõíäÝóåùí êáé ôïõ PPP êáé/Þ SLIP.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Ìðïñåß íá áíáñùôéÝóôå ðïéá åßíáé ç âáóéêÞ äéáöïñÜ ìåôáîý ôïõ PPP
÷ñÞóôç êáé ôïõ PPP ðõñÞíá. Ç áðÜíôçóç åßíáé áðëÞ: ôï PPP ÷ñÞóôç
åðåîåñãÜæåôáé ôá äåäïìÝíá åéóüäïõ êáé åîüäïõ ìÝóù ðñïãñáììÜôùí ÷ñÞóôç
(userland) áíôß äéáìÝóïõ ôïõ ðõñÞíá ôïõ ëåéôïõñãéêïý. Áõôü ðñïêáëåß
êÜðïéåò åðéâáñýíóåéò ëüãù ôçò áíôéãñáöÞò äåäïìÝíùí ìåôáîý ôïõ ðõñÞíá
êáé ôçò åöáñìïãÞò ÷ñÞóôç, áëëÜ åðéôñÝðåé êáôÜ ðïëý ðéï ðëïýóéá (áðü
Üðïøç äõíáôïôÞôùí) õëïðïßçóç ôïõ PPP ðñùôïêüëëïõ. Ôï PPP ÷ñÞóôç
÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôç óõóêåõÞ <devicename>tun</devicename> ãéá ôçí
åðéêïéíùíßá ìå ôïí Ýîù êüóìï, åíþ ôï PPP ðõñÞíá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôçí
óõóêåõÞ <devicename>ppp</devicename>.</para>
<note>
<para>Óå üëï ôï êåöÜëáéï, ôï PPP ÷ñÞóôç èá áíáöÝñåôáé áðëÜ ùò
<application>ppp</application> åêôüò êáé áí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ãßíåé
äéÜêñéóç óå ó÷Ýóç ìå Üëëï ëïãéóìéêü PPP üðùò ôï
<application>pppd</application> (ìüíï ãéá ôï &os; 7.X). Åêôüò
áí áíáöÝñåôáé äéáöïñåôéêÜ, üëåò ïé åíôïëÝò ðïõ åîçãïýíôáé óôï
êåöÜëáéï áõôü èá ðñÝðåé íá åêôåëïýíôáé ùò
<username>root</username>.</para>
</note>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="userppp">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Tom</firstname>
<surname>Rhodes</surname>
<contrib>Åíçìåñþèçêå êáé âåëôéþèçêå áðü ôïí </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Brian</firstname>
<surname>Somers</surname>
<contrib>Áñ÷éêÞ óõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Nik</firstname>
<surname>Clayton</surname>
<contrib>Ìå ôç âïÞèåéá ôùí </contrib>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Dirk</firstname>
<surname>Frömberg</surname>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Peter</firstname>
<surname>Childs</surname>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï PPP ×ñÞóôç</title>
<warning>
<para>Áðü ôï &os; 8.0 êáé ìåôÜ, ôá ïíüìáôá óõóêåõþí ãéá ôéò
óåéñéáêÝò èýñåò ìåôïíïìÜóôçêáí áðü
<filename>/dev/cuad<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> óå
<filename>/dev/cuau<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> êáé áðü
<filename>/dev/ttyd<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> óå
<filename>/dev/ttyu<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>.
Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ôïõ &os; 7.X èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ðñïóáñìüóïõí ôéò
ðáñáêÜôù ïäçãßåò óýìöùíá ìå áõôÝò ôéò áëëáãÝò.</para>
</warning>
<sect2>
<title>PPP ×ñÞóôç</title>
<sect3>
<title>ÐñïûðïèÝóåéò</title>
<para>Ôï êåßìåíï áõôü ðñïûðïèÝôåé üôé Ý÷åôå ôá ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<indexterm id="ppp-isp">
<primary>ISP</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm id="ppp-ppp2">
<primary>PPP</primary>
</indexterm>
<listitem>
<para>Ëïãáñéáóìü óå êÜðïéï Ðáñï÷Ýá Õðçñåóéþí Internet (ISP) óôïí
ïðïßï óõíäÝåóôå ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò PPP.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>¸íá modem Þ Üëëç óõóêåõÞ óõíäåìÝíç óôï óýóôçìá óáò,
êáé ñõèìéóìÝíç óùóôÜ þóôå íá óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá óõíäåèåßôå óôïí
ISP óáò.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ôïõò áñéèìïýò êëÞóçò ãéá ôïí ISP óáò.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<indexterm id="ppp-pap">
<primary>PAP</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm id="ppp-chap">
<primary>CHAP</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm id="ppp-unix">
<primary>UNIX</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm id="ppp-login">
<primary>login name</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm id="ppp-password">
<primary>password</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôï üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç (login) êáé ôïí êùäéêü óáò (password).
Åßôå êáíïíéêü üíïìá êáé êùäéêü (ôýðïõ &unix;) Þ Ýíá æåýãïò
ïíüìáôïò / êùäéêïý ôýðïõ PAP Þ CHAP.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<indexterm id="ppp-nameserver">
<primary>nameserver</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôéò IP äéåõèýíóåéò åíüò Þ ðåñéóóüôåñùí äéáêïìéóôþí
ïíïìÜôùí (DNS). ÖõóéïëïãéêÜ, ï ISP óáò èá óáò äþóåé äýï
ôÝôïéåò äéåõèýíóåéò. Áí äåí Ý÷åôå ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí ìßá, ìðïñåßôå
íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>enable dns</command> óôï
<filename>ppp.conf</filename> êáé ôï
<application>ppp</application> èá ñõèìßóåé ôïõò äéáêïìéóôÝò
ïíïìÜôùí ãéá óáò. Ôï ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêü áõôü åîáñôÜôáé áðü ôçí
õðïóôÞñéîç ôçò äéáðñáãìÜôåõóçò DNS áðü ôïí ISP óáò.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Ï ISP óáò åíäå÷ïìÝíùò íá óáò äþóåé êáé ôéò ðáñáêÜôù ðëçñïöïñßåò,
áëëÜ äåí åßíáé åíôåëþò áðáñáßôçôåò:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Ôç äéåýèõíóç IP ãéá ôçí ðýëç (gateway) ôïõ ISP óáò.
Ç ðýëç åßíáé ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìÝóù ôïõ ïðïßïõ óõíäÝåóôå, êáé èá
áðïôåëÝóåé ôçí <emphasis>ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç äéáäñïìÞ</emphasis>
(default route) ãéá ôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò. Áí äåí Ý÷åôå áõôÞ ôçí
ðëçñïöïñßá, èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ìéá åéêïíéêÞ, êáé üôáí óõíäåèåßôå
èá ëÜâåôå ôçí êáíïíéêÞ äéåýèõíóç áðü ôïí äéáêïìéóôÞ PPP ôïõ
ISP óáò.</para>
<para>ÁõôÞ ç äéåýèõíóç IP áíáöÝñåôáé ùò
<literal>HISADDR</literal> áðü ôï
<application>ppp</application>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ôç ìÜóêá äéêôýïõ (netmask) ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå.
Áí ï ISP óáò äå óáò ôçí ðáñÝ÷åé, ìðïñåßôå ìå áóöÜëåéá íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí ôéìÞ <hostid
role="netmask">255.255.255.255</hostid>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<indexterm id="ppp-static-ip">
<primary>static IP address</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>Áí ï ISP óáò ðáñÝ÷åé óôáôéêÞ äéåýèõíóç êáé üíïìá õðïëïãéóôÞ
(hostname) ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå áõôÜ. ÄéáöïñåôéêÜ,
èá áöÞóïõìå ôïí áðïìáêñõóìÝíï õðïëïãéóôÞ íá äþóåé üðïéá
äéåýèõíóç IP èåùñåß êáôÜëëçëç.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Áí óáò ëåßðïõí êÜðïéåò áðü ôéò áðáéôïýìåíåò ðëçñïöïñßåò,
åðéêïéíùíÞóôå ìå ôïí ISP óáò.</para>
<note>
<para>Óå ïëüêëçñç ôçí ðáñïýóá åíüôçôá, ðïëëÜ áðü ôá ðáñáäåßãìáôá
ðïõ äåß÷íïõí ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá ôùí áñ÷åßùí ñõèìßóåùí, åßíáé
áñéèìçìÝíá áíÜ ãñáììÞ. Ïé áñéèìïß áõôïß åîõðçñåôïýí óôçí
ðáñïõóßáóç êáé ôç óõæÞôçóç ôïõ êÜèå ðáñáäåßãìáôïò, êáé äåí
ðñÝðåé íá ãñáöïýí ìÝóá óôï ðñáãìáôéêü áñ÷åßï. Åßíáé åðßóçò
óçìáíôéêü íá ôçñåßôå ç óùóôÞ óôïß÷éóç óå êÜèå áñ÷åßï, ìå ôç
÷ñÞóç óôçëïèåôþí (tabs) êáé êåíþí äéáóôçìÜôùí.</para>
</note>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Áõôüìáôç Ñýèìéóç <application>PPP</application></title>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP</primary>
<secondary>configuration</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôüóï ôï <command>ppp</command> üóï êáé ôï
<command>pppd</command> (ç õëïðïßçóç ôïõ PPP óå åðßðåäï ðõñÞíá,
ìüíï óôï &os; 7.X)
÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí óôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename class="directory">/etc/ppp</filename>. Ìðïñåßôå íá
âñåßôå ðáñáäåßãìáôá ãéá ôï ppp ÷ñÞóôç óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
class="directory">/usr/share/examples/ppp/</filename>.</para>
<para>H ñýèìéóç ôïõ <command>ppp</command> áðáéôåß ôçí ôñïðïðïßçóç
åíüò áñéèìïý áðü áñ÷åßá, áíÜëïãá ìå ôéò áðáéôÞóåéò óáò. Ôï ôé èá
âÜëåôå óå áõôÜ, åîáñôÜôáé óå Ýíá ðïóïóôü áðü ôï áí ï ISP óáò
áðïäßäåé óôáôéêÝò äéåõèýíóåéò IP (äçë. óáò ðáñÝ÷åé ìéá äéåýèõíóç
IP ç ïðïßá äåí áëëÜæåé) Þ äõíáìéêÝò (äçë. ç IP äéåýèõíóç óáò
áëëÜæåé êÜèå öïñÜ ðïõ óõíäÝåóôå óôïí ISP óáò).</para>
<sect4 id="userppp-staticIP">
<title>PPP êáé ÓôáôéêÝò Äéåõèýíóåéò IP</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP</primary>
<secondary>with static IP addresses</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ôñïðïðïéÞóåôå ôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>. Èá ðñÝðåé íá ìïéÜæåé ìå
áõôü ðïõ öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<note>
<para>Ïé ãñáììÝò ðïõ ôåëåéþíïõí ìå <literal>:</literal> îåêéíïýí
óôçí ðñþôç óôÞëç (áñ÷Þ ôçò ãñáììÞò) — üëåò ïé Üëëåò
ãñáììÝò èá ðñÝðåé íá óôïé÷éóèïýí ìå ôïí ôñüðï ðïõ öáßíåôáé, ìå
ôç ÷ñÞóç êåíþí Þ óôçëïèåôþí.</para>
</note>
<programlisting>1 default:
2 set log Phase Chat LCP IPCP CCP tun command
3 ident user-ppp VERSION (built COMPILATIONDATE)
4 set device /dev/cuau0
5 set speed 115200
6 set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 5 \
7 \"\" AT OK-AT-OK ATE1Q0 OK \\dATDT\\T TIMEOUT 40 CONNECT"
8 set timeout 180
9 enable dns
10
11 provider:
12 set phone "(123) 456 7890"
13 set authname foo
14 set authkey bar
15 set login "TIMEOUT 10 \"\" \"\" gin:--gin: \\U word: \\P col: ppp"
16 set timeout 300
17 set ifaddr <replaceable>x.x.x.x</replaceable> <replaceable>y.y.y.y</replaceable> 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0
18 add default HISADDR</programlisting>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 1:</term>
<listitem>
<para>Áíáãíùñßæåé ôçí ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç êáôá÷þñéóç. Ïé åíôïëÝò
óå áõôÞ ôçí êáôá÷þñéóç åêôåëïýíôáé áõôüìáôá, üôáí åêôåëåßôáé
ôï ppp.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 2:</term>
<listitem>
<para>Åíåñãïðïéåß ôçí êáôáãñáöÞ (logging) ôùí ðáñáìÝôñùí.
¼ôáí ïé ñõèìßóåéò ðïõ Ý÷ïõí ãßíåé ëåéôïõñãïýí éêáíïðïéçôéêÜ,
ç ãñáììÞ áõôÞ èá ðñÝðåé íá ìéêñýíåé óôçí ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>set log phase tun</programlisting>
<para>ãéá íá áðïöåõ÷èïýí ìåãÜëá ìåãÝèç óôá áñ÷åßá
êáôáãñáöÞò.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 3:</term>
<listitem>
<para>ËÝåé óôï PPP ðùò íá áíáöÝñåé ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôïí åáõôü
ôïõ óôçí Üëëç ìåñéÜ ôçò óýíäåóçò. Ç äéáäéêáóßá áõôÞ ãßíåôáé
áí ôï PPP Ý÷åé ðñüâëçìá óôçí äéáðñáãìÜôåõóç êáé ïëïêëÞñùóç
ôçò óýíäåóçò, ðáñÝ÷ïíôáò ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï ðëçñïöïñßåò óôïí
áðïìáêñõóìÝíï äéá÷åéñéóôÞ. Ïé ðëçñïöïñßåò áõôÝò ìðïñåß íá
åßíáé ÷ñÞóéìåò óôçí åðßëõóç ôïõ ðñïâëÞìáôïò.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 4:</term>
<listitem>
<para>Áíáãíùñßæåé ôç óõóêåõÞ óôçí ïðïßá åßíáé óõíäåìÝíï ôï
modem. Ç óõóêåõÞ <devicename>COM1</devicename> åßíáé ç
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/cuau0</filename>
êáé ç <devicename>COM2</devicename> åßíáé ç
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/cuau1</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 5:</term>
<listitem>
<para>Êáèïñßæåé ôçí ôá÷ýôçôá ìå ôçí ïðïßá åðéèõìåßôå íá
óõíäåèåßôå. Áí äåí ëåéôïõñãåß ç ôéìÞ 115200 (ç ïðïßá ðñÝðåé
íá ëåéôïõñãåß ìå êÜèå ó÷åôéêÜ óýã÷ñïíï modem), äïêéìÜóôå
ìå 38400.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÝò 6 & 7:</term>
<listitem>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP</primary>
<secondary>user PPP</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôï áëöáñéèìçôéêü ðïõ èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ãéá ôçí êëÞóç.
Ôï PPP ÷ñÞóôç ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß óýíôáîç expect-send ðáñüìïéá ìå
áõôÞ ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï ðñüãñáììá &man.chat.8;. Äåßôå ôç
óåëßäá manual ãéá ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôéò äõíáôüôçôåò
áõôÞò ôçò ãëþóóáò.</para>
<para>Óçìåéþóôå üôé áõôÞ ç åíôïëÞ óõíå÷ßæåé óôçí åðüìåíç
ãñáììÞ ãéá ëüãïõò áíáãíùóéìüôçôáò. Áõôü ìðïñåß íá ãßíåé óå
êÜèå åíôïëÞ ôïõ <filename>ppp.conf</filename>, åöüóïí ôï
<literal>\</literal> åßíáé ï ôåëåõôáßïò ÷áñáêôÞñáò ôçò
ãñáììÞò.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 8:</term>
<listitem>
<para>Êáèïñßæåé ôï ÷ñüíï ôåñìáôéóìïý ëüãù áäñÜíåéáò ôçò
óýíäåóçò. Ôá 180 äåõôåñüëåðôá åßíáé ç ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç ôéìÞ,
Ýôóé ç ãñáììÞ áõôÞ åßíáé åäþ êáèáñÜ äéáêïóìçôéêÞ.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 9:</term>
<listitem>
<para>ËÝåé óôï PPP íá ñùôÞóåé ôçí Üëëç ðëåõñÜ ãéá íá
åðéâåâáéþóåé ôéò ôïðéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ resolver. Áí
åêôåëåßôå ôïðéêü äéáêïìéóôÞ ïíïìÜôùí (DNS), èá ðñÝðåé íá
ìåôáôñÝøåôå áõôÞ ôç ãñáììÞ óå ó÷üëéï Þ íá ôçí
áöáéñÝóåôå.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 10:</term>
<listitem>
<para>ÊåíÞ ãñáììÞ þóôå ç áíÜãíùóç ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ íá åßíáé ðéï
åýêïëç. Ïé êåíÝò ãñáììÝò áãíïïýíôáé áðü ôï PPP.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 11:</term>
<listitem>
<para>Áíáãíùñßæåé ôçí êáôá÷þñéóç åíüò ðáñï÷Ýá ìå ôï üíïìá
<quote>provider</quote>. Ìðïñåßôå åäþ íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
ôï üíïìá ôïõ <acronym>ISP</acronym> óáò, þóôå áñãüôåñá
íá îåêéíÜôå ôç óýíäåóç óáò ìå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
<option>load <replaceable>ISP</replaceable></option>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 12:</term>
<listitem>
<para>ÈÝôåé ôïí áñéèìü êëÞóçò ãéá áõôü ôïí ðáñï÷Ýá. Ìðïñåßôå
íá êáèïñßóåôå ðïëëáðëïýò áñéèìïýò êëÞóçò ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò
Üíù-êÜôù ôåëåßá (<literal>:</literal>) Þ ôïí ÷áñáêôÞñá
(<literal>|</literal>) ùò äéá÷ùñéóôéêü. Ç äéáöïñÜ ìåôáîý
ôùí äýï äéá÷ùñéóôéêþí ðåñéãñÜöåôáé óôï &man.ppp.8;.
ÐåñéëçðôéêÜ, áí èÝëåôå íá äïêéìÜæïíôáé êõêëéêÜ üëïé ïé
áñéèìïß, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí Üíù-êÜôù ôåëåßá. Áí èÝëåôå íá
ãßíåôáé ðÜíôïôå áðüðåéñá êëÞóçò ôïõ ðñþôïõ áñéèìïý êáé ïé
õðüëïéðïé íá äïêéìÜæïíôáé ìüíï áí ï ðñþôïò áðïôý÷åé,
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï ÷áñáêôÞñá ðáñï÷Ýôåõóçò. Íá ãñÜöåôå
ðÜíôïôå üëï ôï óýíïëï ôùí ôçëåöùíéêþí áñéèìþí ìå ôïí ôñüðï
ðïõ öáßíåôáé.</para>
<para>Áí ï áñéèìüò ôçëåöþíïõ ðåñéÝ÷åé êåíÜ, èá ðñÝðåé íá ôïí
ðåñéêëåßóåôå óå åéóáãùãéêÜ (<literal>"</literal>).
Ç ðáñÜëåéøç ôïõò, áí êáé åßíáé áðëü óöÜëìá, ìðïñåß íá
ðñïêáëÝóåé ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ äåí ìðïñïýí íá åíôïðéóôïýí
åýêïëá.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÝò 13 & 14:</term>
<listitem>
<para>Áíáãíùñßæåé ôï üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç êáé ôïí êùäéêü ôïõ. ¼ôáí
óõíäÝåóôå ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ðñïôñïðÞ ôýðïõ &unix;, ïé ôéìÝò
áõôÝò áíáöÝñïíôáé áðü ôçí åíôïëÞ
<command>set login</command> ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôéò ìåôáâëçôÝò
\U êáé \P. ¼ôáí óõíäÝåóôå ìå ÷ñÞóç PAP Þ CHAP, ïé ôéìÝò
áõôÝò ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé ôçí þñá ôçò ðéóôïðïßçóçò
ôáõôüôçôáò ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 15:</term>
<listitem>
<indexterm><primary>PAP</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>CHAP</primary></indexterm>
<para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå PPP Þ CHAP, äåí èá õðÜñ÷åé óôï óçìåßï
áõôü ðñïôñïðÞ åéóüäïõ (login), êáé èá ðñÝðåé íá ìåôáôñÝøåôå
ôç ãñáììÞ áõôÞ óå ó÷üëéï Þ íá ôçí áöáéñÝóåôå. Äåßôå ôçí
<link linkend="userppp-PAPnCHAP">Ðéóôïðïßçóç PAP
êáé CHAP</link> ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò.</para>
<para>Ôï áëöáñéèìçôéêü åéóüäïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß óýíôáîç ðáñüìïéá
ìå ôï &man.chat.8;, üðùò óõìâáßíåé êáé ìå ôï áëöáñéèìçôéêü
êëÞóçò. Óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò, ôï áëöáñéèìçôéêü
÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá ìéá õðçñåóßá óôçí ïðïßá ç óõíåäñßá
åéóüäïõ ìïéÜæåé ìå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>J. Random Provider
login: <replaceable>foo</replaceable>
password: <replaceable>bar</replaceable>
protocol: ppp</screen>
<para>Èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá áëëÜîåôå áõôü ôï script áíÜëïãá ìå ôéò
áíÜãêåò óáò. ¼ôáí ãñÜöåôå áõôü ôï script ôçí ðñþôç öïñÜ,
âåâáéùèåßôå üôé Ý÷åôå åíåñãïðïéÞóåé ôï áñ÷åßï êáôáãñáöÞò
ãéá ôï <quote>chat</quote> þóôå íá ìðïñåßôå íá ðñïóäéïñßóåôå
áí ç äéáäéêáóßá áíáãíþñéóçò ðñï÷ùñÜåé óùóôÜ.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 16:</term>
<listitem>
<indexterm><primary>timeout</primary></indexterm>
<para>ÈÝôåé ôï ÷ñüíï áäñÜíåéáò (óå äåõôåñüëåðôá) ãéá ôç
óýíäåóç. Åäþ, ç óýíäåóç èá êëåßóåé áõôüìáôá áí äåí õðÜñ÷åé
êßíçóç ãéá 300 äåõôåñüëåðôá. Áí äåí èÝëåôå íá ãßíåôáé
ðïôÝ ôåñìáôéóìüò ôçò óýíäåóçò ëüãù áäñÜíåéáò, èÝóôå áõôÞ ôç
ôéìÞ óå ìçäÝí, Þ ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
<option>-ddial</option> óôç ãñáììÞ åíôïëÞò.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 17:</term>
<listitem>
<indexterm><primary>ISP</primary></indexterm>
<para>ÈÝôåé ôç äéåýèõíóç ôçò äéåðáöÞò. Ôï áëöáñéèìçôéêü
<replaceable>x.x.x.x</replaceable> èá ðñÝðåé íá
áíôéêáôáóôáèåß ìå ôç äéåýèõíóç IP ðïõ óáò Ý÷åé áðïäïèåß áðü
ôïí ðáñï÷Ýá óáò. Ôï áëöáñéèìçôéêü
<replaceable>y.y.y.y</replaceable> èá ðñÝðåé íá
áíôéêáôáóôáèåß ìå ôçí äéåýèõíóç IP ðïõ Ý÷åé êáèïñßóåé ï
ISP óáò ùò ðýëç (gateway, ôï ìç÷Üíçìá óôï ïðïßï óõíäÝåóôå).
Áí ï ISP óáò äåí óáò Ý÷åé äþóåé äéåýèõíóç ðýëçò,
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí <hostid
role="netmask">10.0.0.2/0</hostid>. Áí ðñÝðåé íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ìéá IP äéåýèõíóç ðïõ Ý÷åôå
<quote>ìáíôÝøåé</quote>, âåâáéùèåßôå üôé Ý÷åôå äçìéïõñãÞóåé
ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç óôï <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>
óýìöùíá ìå ôéò ïäçãßåò ãéá ôï <link
linkend="userppp-dynamicIP">PPP êáé ÄõíáìéêÝò IP
Äéåõèýíóåéò</link>. Áí ðáñáëåßøåôå áõôÞ ôç ãñáììÞ, ôï
<command>ppp</command> äåí èá ìðïñåß íá åêôåëåóôåß óå
êáôÜóôáóç <option>-auto</option>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 18:</term>
<listitem>
<para>ÐñïóèÝóôå ìéá ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç äéáäñïìÞ (default route)
ðñïò ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ðýëçò (gateway) ôïõ ISP óáò. Ç åéäéêÞ ëÝîç
<literal>HISADDR</literal> áíôéêáèßóôáôáé ìå ôçí äéåýèõíóç
ðýëçò ðïõ êáèïñßæåôáé óôç ãñáììÞ 17. Åßíáé óçìáíôéêü ç
ãñáììÞ áõôÞ íá åìöáíßæåôáé ìåôÜ ôçí ãñáììÞ 17, äéáöïñåôéêÜ
ôï <literal>HISADDR</literal> äåí èá Ý÷åé áêüìá ëÜâåé áñ÷éêÞ
ôéìÞ.</para>
<para>Áí äåí åðéèõìåßôå íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï ppp óå êáôÜóôáóç
<option>-auto</option>, èá ðñÝðåé íá ìåôáêéíÞóåôå áõôÞ ôç
ãñáììÞ óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>ppp.linkup</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>Äåí åßíáé áðáñáßôçôï íá ðñïóèÝóåôå êáôá÷þñéóç óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>ppp.linkup</filename> üôáí Ý÷åôå óôáôéêÞ äéåýèõíóç IP
êáé åêôåëåßôå ôï ppp óå êáôÜóôáóç <option>-auto</option>. Óôçí
ðåñßðôùóç áõôÞ, ïé êáôá÷ùñßóåéò óáò óôïí ðßíáêá äñïìïëüãçóçò åßíáé
óùóôÝò ðñéí êáí óõíäåèåßôå. ºóùò ùóôüóï íá èÝëåôå íá
äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç ãéá íá åêôåëÝóåôå êÜðïéá ðñïãñÜììáôá
ìåôÜ ôçí áðïêáôÜóôáóç ôçò óýíäåóçò. Èá ôï åîçãÞóïõìå áõôü
áñãüôåñá óå Ýíá ðáñÜäåéãìá ìå ôï sendmail.</para>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå ðáñáäåßãìáôá áñ÷åßùí ñõèìßóåùí óôïí
êáôÜëïãï <filename
class="directory">usr/share/examples/ppp/</filename>.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4 id="userppp-dynamicIP">
<title>PPP êáé ÄõíáìéêÝò Äéåõèýíóåéò IP</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP</primary>
<secondary>with dynamic IP addresses</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>IPCP</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>Áí ï ðáñï÷Ýáò óáò äåí äßíåé óôáôéêÝò äéåõèýíóåéò, ôï
<command>ppp</command> ìðïñåß íá ñõèìéóôåß íá äéáðñáãìáôåýåôáé
ôçí ôïðéêÞ êáé ôçí áðïìáêñõóìÝíç äéåýèõíóç. Áõôü ãßíåôáé
<quote>ìáíôåýïíôáò</quote> ìéá äéåýèõíóç IP, êáé åðéôñÝðïíôáò óôï
<command>ppp</command> íá ôçí èÝóåé Ýðåéôá óùóôÜ, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò
ôï ðñùôüêïëëï IPCP (IP Configuration Protocol) ìåôÜ ôç óýíäåóç.
Ôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí <filename>ppp.conf</filename> åßíáé ôï ßäéï
üðùò êáé óôï
<link linkend="userppp-staticIP">PPP êáé ÓôáôéêÝò Äéåõèýíóåéò
IP</link>, ìå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù ìüíï áëëáãÞ:</para>
<programlisting>17 set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0</programlisting>
<para>¼ðùò êáé ðñïçãïõìÝíùò, äåí ðñÝðåé íá ðåñéëÜâåôå ôïí áñéèìü
ãñáììÞò. Áðáéôåßôáé åóï÷Þ åíüò ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí êåíïý
äéáóôÞìáôïò.</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 17:</term>
<listitem>
<para>Ï áñéèìüò ìåôÜ ôï ÷áñáêôÞñá <literal>/</literal>
åßíáé ôï ðëÞèïò ôùí bits ôçò äéåýèõíóçò ãéá ôï ïðïßï èá
åðéìåßíåé ôï ppp. ºóùò èÝëåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå áñéèìïýò
IP ðéï êáôÜëëçëïõò ãéá ôçí ðåñßóôáóç, áëëÜ ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá
ðïõ äßíïõìå ðáñáðÜíù èá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé ðÜíôá.</para>
<para>Ôï ôåëåõôáßï üñéóìá (ôï <literal>0.0.0.0</literal>) ëÝåé
óôï PPP íá áñ÷ßóåé ôéò äéáðñáãìáôåýóåéò ìå ôçí äéåýèõíóç
<hostid role="ipaddr">0.0.0.0</hostid> áíôß ãéá ôçí <hostid
role="ipaddr">10.0.0.1</hostid>. Áõôü åßíáé áðáñáßôçôï óå
ïñéóìÝíïõò ISP. Ìç ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï
<literal>0.0.0.0</literal> ùò ðñþôï üñéóìá óôçí
<command>set ifaddr</command>, êáèþò èá åìðïäßóåé ôçí PPP
íá ñõèìßóåé ôçí áñ÷éêÞ äéáäñïìÞ óôçí êáôÜóôáóç
<option>-auto</option> .</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>Áí äåí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-auto</option>,
èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>.
Ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>ppp.linkup</filename> ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ìåôÜ
ôçí áðïêáôÜóôáóç ôçò óýíäåóçò. Óôï óçìåßï áõôü, ôï
<command>ppp</command> èá Ý÷åé Þäç áðïäþóåé äéåýèõíóç óôçí
äéåðáöÞ êáé èá åßíáé ðëÝïí äõíáôüí íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôéò êáôá÷ùñßóåéò
óôïí ðßíáêá äñïìïëüãçóçò:</para>
<programlisting>1 provider:
2 add default HISADDR</programlisting>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 1:</term>
<listitem>
<para>Ìå ôçí áðïêáôÜóôáóç ôçò óýíäåóçò, ôï
<command>ppp</command> èá øÜîåé ãéá ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç óôï
<filename>ppp.linkup</filename> óýìöùíá ìå ôïõò ðáñáêÜôù
êáíüíåò: Áñ÷éêÜ èá ðñïóðáèÞóåé íá ôáéñéÜîåé ôçí ðñþôç
åôéêÝôá ðïõ Ý÷åé ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>ppp.conf</filename>. Áí áõôü áðïôý÷åé, èá øÜîåé
ãéá ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç ãéá ôçí äéåýèõíóç IP ôçò ðýëçò.
Ç êáôá÷þñéóç áõôÞ åßíáé ìéá åôéêÝôá ìïñöÞò IP äéåýèõíóçò,
ìå ôÝóóåñéò ïêôÜäåò. Áí äåí Ý÷åé áêüìá âñåèåß ç óùóôÞ
êáôá÷þñéóç, èá ãßíåé áíß÷íåõóç ãéá ôçí êáôá÷þñéóç
<literal>MYADDR</literal>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 2:</term>
<listitem>
<para>Ç ãñáììÞ áõôÞ ëÝåé óôï <command>ppp</command> íá
ðñïóèÝóåé ìéá ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç äéáäñïìÞ ç ïðïßá íá äåß÷íåé óôï
<literal>HISADDR</literal>. Ôï <literal>HISADDR</literal>
èá áíôéêáôáóôáèåß ìå ôç äéåýèõíóç IP ôçò ðýëçò üðùò
áõôÞ áðïäüèçêå ìÝóù ôïõ ðñùôïêüëëïõ IPCP.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>Äåßôå ôçí êáôá÷þñéóç <literal>pmdemand</literal> óôá áñ÷åßá
<filename>/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.conf.sample</filename>
êáé
<filename>/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.linkup.sample</filename>
ãéá Ýíá ðéï ëåðôïìåñÝò ðáñÜäåéãìá.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>ËÞøç Åéóåñ÷üìåíùí ÊëÞóåùí</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP</primary>
<secondary>receiving incoming calls</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>¼ôáí ñõèìßæåôå ôï <application>ppp</application> íá ëáìâÜíåé
åéóåñ÷üìåíåò êëÞóåéò óå Ýíá ìç÷Üíçìá ðïõ óõíäÝåôáé óå Ýíá ôïðéêü
äßêôõï (LAN), èá ðñÝðåé íá áðïöáóßóåôå áí èÝëåôå íá ðñïùèïýíôáé
ðáêÝôá ðñïò áõôü. Áí íáé, èá ðñÝðåé íá áðïäþóåôå óôï ìç÷Üíçìá
ìéá äéåýèõíóç IP ç ïðïßá íá áíÞêåé óôï ßäéï õðïäßêôõï ìå ôï LAN,
êáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>enable proxy</command>
óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>. Èá ðñÝðåé
åðßóçò íá åðéâåâáéþóåôå üôé ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ðåñéÝ÷åé ôá ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>gateway_enable="YES"</programlisting>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Ðïéï getty;</title>
<para>Ç åíüôçôá <link linkend="dialup">Õðçñåóßá Åéóüäïõ ìÝóù
ÅðéëïãéêÞò Óýíäåóçò (dial in)</link> ðáñÝ÷åé ìéá êáëÞ ðåñéãñáöÞ
ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí åíåñãïðïßçóç õðçñåóéþí åðéëïãéêþí êëÞóåùí
÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí &man.getty.8;.</para>
<para>Ìéá åíáëëáêôéêÞ óôçí <command>getty</command> åßíáé ç <ulink
url="http://mgetty.greenie.net/">mgetty</ulink> (áðü ôï ðáêÝôï
<filename role="package">comms/mgetty+sendfax</filename>),
ìéá ðéï Ýîõðíç Ýêäïóç ôçò <command>getty</command>, ç ïðïßá Ý÷åé
ó÷åäéáóôåß ãéá íá ëáìâÜíåé õðüøéí ôéò åðéëïãéêÝò ãñáììÝò.</para>
<para>Ôá ðëåïíåêôÞìáôá ôçò <command>mgetty</command> åßíáé üôé
<emphasis>åðéêïéíùíåß</emphasis> åíåñãÜ ìå ôá modem, ôï ïðïßï
óçìáßíåé üôé áí ç èýñá åßíáé áðåíåñãïðïéçìÝíç óôï
<filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, ôï modem óáò äåí èá áðáíôÞóåé
óôçí êëÞóç.</para>
<para>ÌåôáãåíÝóôåñåò åêäüóåéò ôçò <command>mgetty</command>
(áðü ôçí 0.99beta êáé ìåôÜ) õðïóôçñßæïõí åðßóçò áõôüìáôç
áíß÷íåõóç PPP streams, åðéôñÝðïíôáò óôïõò ðåëÜôåò óáò ðñüóâáóç
óôïí åîõðçñåôçôÞ ÷ùñßò ÷ñÞóç scripts.</para>
<para>ÄéáâÜóôå ôçí åíüôçôá <link linkend="userppp-mgetty">Mgetty
êáé AutoPPP</link> ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí
<command>mgetty</command>.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>¶äåéåò ãéá ôï <application>PPP</application></title>
<para>ÖõóéïëïãéêÜ, ç åêôÝëåóç ôçò åíôïëÞò <command>ppp</command>
ðñÝðåé íá ãßíåôáé ùò ÷ñÞóôçò <username>root</username>. Áí
ùóôüóï èÝëåôå íá åðéôñÝøåôå ôçí åêôÝëåóç ôïõ
<command>ppp</command> óå êáôÜóôáóç åîõðçñåôçôÞ ùò êáíïíéêüò
÷ñÞóôçò (ìå ôïí ôñüðï ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöåôáé ðáñáêÜôù) èá ðñÝðåé íá
äþóåôå óå áõôü ôï ÷ñÞóôç ôá êáôÜëëçëá äéêáéþìáôá ãéá íá
åêôåëåß ôï <command>ppp</command>, ðñïóèÝôïíôáò ôïí óôçí ïìÜäá
<groupname>network</groupname> óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/group</filename>.</para>
<para>Èá ðñÝðåé åðßóçò íá ôïõò äþóåôå ðñüóâáóç óå Ýíá Þ
ðåñéóóüôåñá ôìÞìáôá ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ ñõèìßóåùí, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí
åíôïëÞ <command>allow</command>:</para>
<programlisting>allow users fred mary</programlisting>
<para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ áõôÞ óôï ôìÞìá
<literal>default</literal>, èá äþóåôå óå áõôïýò ôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò
ðñüóâáóç óå üëåò ôéò ñõèìßóåéò.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Êåëýöç PPP ãéá ×ñÞóôåò ìå ÄõíáìéêÜ IP</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP shells</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá áñ÷åßï ìå ôï üíïìá
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp-shell</filename> ôï ïðïßï íá ðåñéÝ÷åé ôá
ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>#!/bin/sh
IDENT=`echo $0 | sed -e 's/^.*-\(.*\)$/\1/'`
CALLEDAS="$IDENT"
TTY=`tty`
if [ x$IDENT = xdialup ]; then
IDENT=`basename $TTY`
fi
echo "PPP for $CALLEDAS on $TTY"
echo "Starting PPP for $IDENT"
exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT</programlisting>
<para>Ôï script áõôü èá ðñÝðåé íá ãßíåé åêôåëÝóéìï. ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå
ôþñá Ýíá óõìâïëéêü äåóìü ðïõ íá ïíïìÜæåôáé
<filename>ppp-dialup</filename> ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôéò ðáñáêÜôù
åíôïëÝò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-dialup</userinput></screen>
<para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå áõôü ôï script ùò ôï
<emphasis>êÝëõöïò</emphasis> ãéá üëïõò ôïõò dialup ÷ñÞóôåò.
Åäþ öáßíåôáé Ýíá ðáñÜäåéãìá ôïõ <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
ãéá Ýíá ÷ñÞóôç dialup ìå üíïìá
<username>pchilds</username> (èõìçèåßôå üôé äåí ðñÝðåé íá
ôñïðïðïéåßôå Üìåóá ôï áñ÷åßï ôùí êùäéêþí, áëëÜ ìÝóù ôçò åíôïëÞò
&man.vipw.8;).</para>
<programlisting>pchilds:*:1011:300:Peter Childs PPP:/home/ppp:/etc/ppp/ppp-dialup</programlisting>
<para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá êáôÜëïãï <filename
class="directory">/home/ppp</filename> ðñïóâÜóéìï ãéá áíÜãíùóç
áðü üëïõò, ï ïðïßïò èá ðåñéÝ÷åé ôá ðáñáêÜôù êåíÜ áñ÷åßá:</para>
<screen>-r--r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 May 27 02:23 .hushlogin
-r--r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 May 27 02:22 .rhosts</screen>
<para>ôá ïðïßá åìðïäßæïõí ôçí åìöÜíéóç ôïõ ìçíýìáôïò áðü ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/motd</filename>.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Êåëýöç PPP ãéá ×ñÞóôåò ìå Óôáôéêü IP</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP shells</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>ppp-shell</filename>
üðùò öáßíåôáé ðáñáðÜíù, êáé ãéá êÜèå ëïãáñéáóìü ìå óôáôéêü
IP, äçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá óõìâïëéêü äåóìü ðñïò ôï
<filename>ppp-shell</filename>.</para>
<para>Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí Ý÷åôå ôñåéò ðåëÜôåò dialup, ôïõò
<username>fred</username>, <username>sam</username>, êáé
<username>mary</username>, óôïõò ïðïßïõò åêôåëåßôå äñïìïëüãçóç
/24 CIDR, èá ðñÝðåé íá ãñÜøåôå ôá ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-fred</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-sam</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-mary</userinput></screen>
<para>Ãéá êÜèå ëïãáñéáóìü ÷ñÞóôç dialup, èá ðñÝðåé íá ñõèìéóôåß
ôï êÝëõöïò óôï óõìâïëéêü äåóìü ðïõ äçìéïõñãÞèçêå ðáñáðÜíù (ãéá
ðáñÜäåéãìá ï óõìâïëéêüò äåóìüò ãéá ôï êÝëõöïò ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç
<username>mary</username> èá ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé ï
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp-mary</filename>).</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ <filename>ppp.conf</filename> ãéá ×ñÞóôåò ìå
Äõíáìéêü IP</title>
<para>Ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> èá ðñÝðåé íá
ðåñéÝ÷åé êÜôé áíôßóôïé÷ï ìå ôï ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>default:
set debug phase lcp chat
set timeout 0
ttyu0:
set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.20 255.255.255.255
enable proxy
ttyu1:
set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.21 255.255.255.255
enable proxy</programlisting>
<note>
<para>Ç óôïß÷éóç åßíáé óçìáíôéêÞ.</para>
</note>
<para>Ãéá êÜèå óõíåäñßá, öïñôþíåôáé ç åíüôçôá
<literal>default:</literal>. Ãéá êÜèå ãñáììÞ dialup ðïõ
åíåñãïðïéåßôáé óôï <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, èá ðñÝðåé íá
äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç üìïéá ìå áõôÞ ðïõ öáßíåôáé ðáñáðÜíù
ãéá ôï <literal>ttyu0:</literal>. ÊÜèå ãñáììÞ èá ðñÝðåé íá
ðáßñíåé ìéá ìïíáäéêÞ äéåýèõíóç IP áðü ôï áðüèåìá ôùí IP
äéåõèýíóåùí ðïõ ðñïïñßæïíôáé ãéá ôïõò äõíáìéêïýò ÷ñÞóôåò.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ <filename>ppp.conf</filename> ãéá ×ñÞóôåò ìå
Óôáôéêü IP</title>
<para>Åêôüò áðü ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá ôïõ õðïäåßãìáôïò
<filename>/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> èá ðñÝðåé
íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ìéá åíüôçôá ãéá êáèÝíá áðü ôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò dialup
óôïõò ïðïßïõò Ý÷åé áðïäïèåß óôáôéêü IP. Èá óõíå÷ßóïõìå ìå ôï
ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò ìå ôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò
<username>fred</username>, <username>sam</username>, êáé
<username>mary</username>.</para>
<programlisting>fred:
set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.101.1 255.255.255.255
sam:
set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.102.1 255.255.255.255
mary:
set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.103.1 255.255.255.255</programlisting>
<para>Ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>
èá ðñÝðåé åðßóçò íá ðåñéÝ÷åé ðëçñïöïñßåò äñïìïëüãçóçò ãéá êÜèå
÷ñÞóôç ìå óôáôéêü IP (áí áðáéôåßôáé). Ç ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ èá
ðñïóèÝóåé ìéá äéáäñïìÞ ðñïò ôç äéåýèõíóç äéêôýïõ
<hostid role="ipaddr">203.14.101.0/24</hostid>
ìÝóù ôçò óýíäåóçò ppp ôïõ ðåëÜôç.</para>
<programlisting>fred:
add 203.14.101.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 HISADDR
sam:
add 203.14.102.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 HISADDR
mary:
add 203.14.103.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 HISADDR</programlisting>
</sect4>
<sect4 id="userppp-mgetty">
<title><command>mgetty</command> êáé AutoPPP</title>
<indexterm>
<primary><command>mgetty</command></primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>AutoPPP</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>LCP</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôï port
<filename role="package">comms/mgetty+sendfax</filename>, Ýñ÷åôáé
ìå ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç ôçí åðéëïãÞ <literal>AUTO_PPP</literal>,
åðéôñÝðïíôáò Ýôóé óôçí <command>mgetty</command> íá áíé÷íåýåé ôçí
öÜóç LCP ôùí óõíäÝóåùí PPP êáé íá åêôåëåß áõôüìáôá Ýíá êÝëõöïò
ppp. Ùóôüóï, êáèþò ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï äåí åíåñãïðïéåßôáé ç
ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç áêïëïõèßá ïíüìáôïò ÷ñÞóôç êáé êùäéêïý, åßíáé
áðáñáßôçôï íá ãßíåé ðéóôïðïßçóç ôùí ÷ñçóôþí ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç PAP Þ
CHAP.</para>
<para>Ç åíüôçôá áõôÞ ðñïûðïèÝôåé üôé ï ÷ñÞóôçò Ý÷åé ñõèìßóåé,
ìåôáãëùôôßóåé êáé åãêáôáóôÞóåé ìå åðéôõ÷ßá ôï port <filename
role="package">comms/mgetty+sendfax</filename> óôï óýóôçìá
ôïõ.</para>
<para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ôï áñ÷åßï óáò
<filename>/usr/local/etc/mgetty+sendfax/login.config</filename>
ðåñéÝ÷åé ôá ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>/AutoPPP/ - - /etc/ppp/ppp-pap-dialup</programlisting>
<para>Áõôü èá ðåé óôçí <command>mgetty</command> íá åêôåëÝóåé ôï
script <filename>ppp-pap-dialup</filename> ãéá ôéò PPP óõíäÝóåéò
ðïõ áíé÷íåýèçêáí.</para>
<para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá áñ÷åßï ìå ôï üíïìá
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp-pap-dialup</filename> ôï ïðïßï èá ðåñéÝ÷åé
ôá áêüëïõèá (ôï áñ÷åßï èá ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé åêôåëÝóéìï):</para>
<programlisting>#!/bin/sh
exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct pap$IDENT</programlisting>
<para>Ãéá êÜèå ãñáììÞ dialup ðïõ åßíáé åíåñãïðïéçìÝíç óôï
<filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, äçìéïõñãÞóôå ìéá áíôßóôïé÷ç
êáôá÷þñéóç óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>.
Ç êáôá÷þñéóç áõôÞ ìðïñåß íá óõíõðÜñ÷åé ÷ùñßò ðñüâëçìá ìå áõôÝò
ðïõ ïñßóáìå ðáñáðÜíù.</para>
<programlisting>pap:
enable pap
set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.20-203.14.100.40
enable proxy</programlisting>
<para>ÊÜèå ÷ñÞóôçò ðïõ åéóÝñ÷åôáé ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï, èá ðñÝðåé íá
äéáèÝôåé üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç/êùäéêü óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.secret</filename>. ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, ìðïñåßôå
íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åðéëïãÞ þóôå íá ãßíåôáé ðéóôïðïßçóç
ôùí ÷ñçóôþí ìÝóù PAP ìå âÜóç ôá óôïé÷åßá ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ
<filename>/etc/passwd</filename>.</para>
<programlisting>enable passwdauth</programlisting>
<para>Áí èÝëåôå íá áðïäþóåôå óôáôéêü IP óå êÜðïéïõò ÷ñÞóôåò,
ìðïñåßôå íá êáèïñßóåôå ôçí äéåýèõíóç ùò ôñßôï üñéóìá óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.secret</filename>. Ãéá ðáñáäåßãìáôá,
äåßôå ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.secret.sample</filename>.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>ÅðåêôÜóåéò MS</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>DNS</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>NetBIOS</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP</primary>
<secondary>Microsoft extensions</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Åßíáé äõíáôüí íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï PPP þóôå íá ðáñÝ÷åé
äéåõèýíóåéò DNS êáé NetBIOS êáôÜ áðáßôçóç.</para>
<para>Ãéá íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå áõôÝò ôéò åðåêôÜóåéò ìå ôçí Ýêäïóç
1.x ôïõ PPP, èá ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÝò óôï
ó÷åôéêü ôìÞìá ôïõ <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>.</para>
<programlisting>enable msext
set ns 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.2
set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
<para>Ãéá ôï PPP áðü ôçí Ýêäïóç 2 êáé ðÜíù:</para>
<programlisting>accept dns
set dns 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.2
set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
<para>Ôï ðáñáðÜíù èá åíçìåñþóåé ôïõò ðåëÜôåò ãéá ôïí êýñéï êáé
äåõôåñåýïíôá åîõðçñåôçôÞ DNS, êáé ãéá ôïí åîõðçñåôçôÞ ïíïìÜôùí
NetBIOS.</para>
<para>Áðü ôçí Ýêäïóç 2 êáé ðÜíù, áí ðáñáëåéöèåß ç ãñáììÞ
<literal>set dns</literal>, ôï PPP èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé ôéò ãñáììÝò
ðïõ èá âñåé óôï <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4 id="userppp-PAPnCHAP">
<title>Ðéóôïðïßçóç PAP êáé CHAP</title>
<indexterm><primary>PAP</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>CHAP</primary></indexterm>
<para>ÊÜðïéïé ISP ñõèìßæïõí ôá óõóôÞìáôá ôïõò ìå ôÝôïéï ôñüðï, þóôå
ôï êïììÜôé ôçò óýíäåóçò ðïõ áó÷ïëåßôáé ìå ôçí ðéóôïðïßçóç ôïõ
÷ñÞóôç íá ãßíåôáé ìÝóù ôùí ìç÷áíéóìþí PAP Þ CHAP. Áí óõìâáßíåé
áõôü óôç äéêÞ óáò ðåñßðôùóç, ï ISP óáò äåí èá óáò óôåßëåé ðñïôñïðÞ
login üôáí óõíäåèåßôå, áëëÜ èá áñ÷ßóåé áðåõèåßáò ôç ìåôÜäïóç
PPP.</para>
<para>Ôï PAP åßíáé ëéãüôåñï áóöáëÝò áðü ôï CHAP, áëëÜ ç áóöÜëåéá
åäþ äåí åßíáé ôüóï óðïõäáßï èÝìá, êáèþò ïé êùäéêïß (áí êáé
óôÝëíïíôáé ùò êáíïíéêü êåßìåíï) ìåôáäßäïíôáé ìüíï ìÝóù óåéñéáêÞò
ãñáììÞò. ¸ôóé äåí õðÜñ÷åé ðñáãìáôéêÞ äõíáôüôçôá ôùí crackers
íá <quote>êñõöáêïýóïõí</quote>.</para>
<para>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ùò áíáöïñÜ ôéò åíüôçôåò <link
linkend="userppp-staticIP">PPP êáé ÓôáôéêÝò Äéåõèýíóåéò
IP</link> Þ <link linkend="userppp-dynamicIP">PPP êáé ÄõíáìéêÝò
Äéåõèýíóåéò IP</link>, èá ðñÝðåé íá ãßíïõí ïé ðáñáêÜôù
áëëáãÝò:</para>
<programlisting>13 set authname <replaceable>MyUserName</replaceable>
14 set authkey <replaceable>MyPassword</replaceable>
15 set login</programlisting>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 13:</term>
<listitem>
<para>Ç ãñáììÞ áõôÞ êáèïñßæåé ôï üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç ãéá ôá PAP/CHAP.
Èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá åéóÜãåôå ôçí óùóôÞ ôéìÞ ãéá ôï
<replaceable>MyUserName</replaceable>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 14:</term>
<listitem>
<indexterm><primary>password</primary></indexterm>
<para>Ç ãñáììÞ áõôÞ êáèïñßæåé ôïí êùäéêü ãéá ôá PAP/CHAP. Èá
÷ñåéáóôåß íá åéóÜãåôå ôçí óùóôÞ ôéìÞ ãéá ôï
<replaceable>MyPassword</replaceable>. ºóùò èÝëåôå íá
ðñïóèÝóåôå ìéá áêüìá ãñáììÞ, üðùò ôçí ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>16 accept PAP</programlisting>
<para>Þ</para>
<programlisting>16 accept CHAP</programlisting>
<para>ãéá íá åßíáé öáíåñÞ ç ðñüèåóç óáò, ùóôüóï ôüóï ôï PAP
üóï êáé ôï CHAP ãßíïíôáé äåêôÜ áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ÃñáììÞ 15:</term>
<listitem>
<para>Ï ISP óáò äåí èá áðáéôåß öõóéïëïãéêÜ íá åéóÝëèåôå óôïí
åîõðçñåôçôÞ áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå PAP Þ CHAP. Ãéá ôï ëüãï áõôü,
èá ðñÝðåé íá áðåíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôï áëöáñéèìçôéêü
<quote>set login</quote>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>ÁëëÜæïíôáò ¶ìåóá ôéò Ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ
<command>ppp</command></title>
<para>Åßíáé äõíáôüí íá åðéêïéíùíÞóåôå ìå ôï ðñüãñáììá
<command>ppp</command> êáèþò åêôåëåßôáé óôïí ðáñáóêÞíéï, áëëÜ
ìüíï áí Ý÷åôå ñõèìßóåé ìéá êáôÜëëçëç äéáãíùóôéêÞ èýñá ãéá áõôü
ôï óêïðü. Ãéá íá ôï êÜíåôå áõôü, ðñïóèÝóôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ
óôéò ñõèìßóåéò óáò:</para>
<programlisting>set server /var/run/ppp-tun<replaceable>%d</replaceable> DiagnosticPassword 0177</programlisting>
<para>Áõôü ïäçãåß ôï PPP íá <quote>áêïýåé</quote> óôï êáèïñéóìÝíï
&unix; socket ôïõ ôïìÝá, êáé íá ñùôÜåé ôïõò ðåëÜôåò ãéá ôïí
êùäéêü ðïõ Ý÷åé êáèïñéóôåß ðñéí åðéôñÝøåé ôçí ðñüóâáóç. Ôï
<literal>%d</literal> óôï üíïìá, áíôéêáèßóôáôáé ìå ôïí áñéèìü ôçò
óõóêåõÞò <devicename>tun</devicename> ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé.</para>
<para>Áðü ôç óôéãìÞ ðïõ ñõèìéóôåß ôï socket, ôï ðñüãñáììá
&man.pppctl.8; ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß óå scripts ìå ôá ïðïßá
åðéèõìåßôå íá äéá÷åéñéóôåßôå ôï ðñüãñáììá <command>ppp</command>
ôï ïðïßï åêôåëåßôáé Þäç.</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="userppp-nat">
<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôç Äõíáôüôçôá ÌåôÜöñáóçò Äéåõèýíóåùí (NAT) ôïõ
PPP</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP</primary><secondary>NAT</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôï PPP Ý÷åé ôçí éêáíüôçôá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé äéêü ôïõ åóùôåñéêü
NAT, ÷ùñßò íá áðáéôïýíôáé ïé éêáíüôçôåò áíáêáôåýèõíóçò ôïõ ðõñÞíá.
Ìðïñåßôå íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå áõôÞ ôç ëåéôïõñãßá ìå ôçí áêüëïõèç
ãñáììÞ óôï <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>nat enable yes</programlisting>
<para>ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, ôï NAT ôïõ PPP ìðïñåß íá åíåñãïðïéçèåß ìå ôçí
åðéëïãÞ <literal>-nat</literal> óôçí ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí. Ìðïñåßôå áêüìá
íá âÜëåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <literal>ppp_nat</literal> óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. Ç åðéëïãÞ áõôÞ åßíáé
åíåñãïðïéçìÝíç áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ.</para>
<para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå áõôü ôï ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêü, ìÜëëïí èá âñåßôå
÷ñÞóéìåò êáé ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åðéëïãÝò ãéá ôï
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>, ìå ôéò ïðïßåò åíåñãïðïéåßôáé
ç ðñïþèçóç åéóåñ÷üìåíùí óõíäÝóåùí:</para>
<programlisting>nat port tcp 10.0.0.2:ftp ftp
nat port tcp 10.0.0.2:http http</programlisting>
<para>Þ áí äåí åìðéóôåýåóôå êáèüëïõ ôï åîùôåñéêü äßêôõï:</para>
<programlisting>nat deny_incoming yes</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="userppp-final">
<title>ÔåëéêÝò Ñõèìßóåéò ÓõóôÞìáôïò</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP</primary><secondary>configuration</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>¸÷åôå ðëÝïí ñõèìßóåé ôï <command>ppp</command>, áëëÜ õðÜñ÷ïõí
ìåñéêÜ áêüìá ðñÜãìáôá ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá êÜíåôå ðñéí íá åßíáé Ýôïéìï ãéá
ëåéôïõñãßá. ¼ëá ðåñéëáìâÜíïõí ôçí åðåîåñãáóßá ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>
<para>Îåêéíþíôáò áðü ôçí áñ÷Þ ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ áõôïý, âåâáéùèåßôå üôé åßíáé
ïñéóìÝíç ç ãñáììÞ <literal>hostname=</literal>, ð.÷.:</para>
<programlisting>hostname="foo.example.com"</programlisting>
<para>Áí ï ISP óáò ðáñÝ÷åé óôáôéêÞ IP äéåýèõíóç êáé üíïìá, åßíáé
ìÜëëïí êáëýôåñï íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå áõôü ôï üíïìá ùò üíïìá ãéá ôï
ìç÷Üíçìá óáò.</para>
<para>ØÜîôå ãéá ôç ìåôáâëçôÞ <literal>network_interfaces</literal>.
Áí èÝëåôå íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò íá êáëåß ôïí ISP óáò êáôÜ
áðáßôçóç, âåâáéùèåßôå üôé õðÜñ÷åé óôç ëßóôá ç óõóêåõÞ
<devicename>tun0</devicename>, äéáöïñåôéêÜ áöáéñÝóôå ôçí.</para>
<programlisting>network_interfaces="lo0 tun0"
ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<note>
<para>Ç ìåôáâëçôÞ <literal>ifconfig_tun0</literal> èá ðñÝðåé íá
åßíáé Üäåéá, êáé èá ðñÝðåé íá äçìéïõñãçèåß Ýíá áñ÷åßï ìå üíïìá
<filename>/etc/start_if.tun0</filename>. Ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü èá ðñÝðåé
íá ðåñéÝ÷åé ôçí ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ:</para>
<programlisting>ppp -auto mysystem</programlisting>
<para>Ôï script áõôü åêôåëåßôáé êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ñýèìéóçò ôïõ
äéêôýïõ, îåêéíþíôáò Ýôóé ôï äáßìïíá ppp óå êáôÜóôáóç áõôüìáôçò
ëåéôïõñãßáò. Áí äéáèÝôåôå êÜðïéï ôïðéêü äßêôõï (LAN) ãéá ôï
ïðïßï ôï ìç÷Üíçìá áõôü Ý÷åé ôï ñüëï ôçò ðýëçò, ßóùò íá èÝëåôå
åðßóçò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-alias</option>.
Äåßôå ôç óåëßäá manual ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò.</para>
</note>
<para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ç ìåôáâëçôÞ ãéá ôï ðñüãñáììá router Ý÷åé ôåèåß
óôï <literal>NO</literal> ìÝóù ôçò åðüìåíçò ãñáììÞò óôï
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>router_enable="NO"</programlisting>
<indexterm>
<primary><application>routed</application></primary>
</indexterm>
<para>Åßíáé óçìáíôéêü íá ìçí îåêéíÞóåé ï äáßìïíáò
<command>routed</command>, ï ïðïßïò óõíÞèùò äéáãñÜöåé ôéò
ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò ôéìÝò ôïõ ðßíáêá äñïìïëüãçóçò ðïõ äçìéïõñãïýíôáé áðü
ôï <command>ppp</command>.</para>
<para>Åßíáé ìÜëëïí êáëÞ éäÝá íá åîáóöáëßóåôå üôé ç ãñáììÞ
<literal>sendmail_flags</literal> äåí ðåñéëáìâÜíåé ôçí åðéëïãÞ
<option>-q</option>, äéáöïñåôéêÜ ôï <command>sendmail</command> èá
ðñïóðáèåß êÜèå ôüóï íá êÜíåé áíáæÞôçóç ôïõ äéêôýïõ, ìå ðéèáíü
áðïôÝëåóìá ôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò íá åêôåëåß ôçëåöùíéêÞ óýíäåóç
(dial out). Ìðïñåßôå íá äïêéìÜóåôå:</para>
<programlisting>sendmail_flags="-bd"</programlisting>
<indexterm>
<primary><application>sendmail</application></primary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôï ìåéïíÝêôçìá ôïõ ðáñáðÜíù, åßíáé üôé ðñÝðåé íá åîáíáãêÜóåôå ôï
<command>sendmail</command> íá åðáíåîåôÜóåé ôçí ïõñÜ ôùí ìçíõìÜôùí,
êÜèå öïñÜ ðïõ áðïêáèßóôáôáé ç óýíäåóç ppp, ãñÜöïíôáò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/sbin/sendmail -q</userinput></screen>
<para>ºóùò èÝëåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
<command>!bg</command> óôï <filename>ppp.linkup</filename> ãéá íá
ãßíåôáé ôï ðáñáðÜíù áõôüìáôá:</para>
<programlisting>1 provider:
2 delete ALL
3 add 0 0 HISADDR
4 !bg sendmail -bd -q30m</programlisting>
<indexterm>
<primary>SMTP</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>Áí áõôü äåí óáò áñÝóåé, åßíáé äõíáôüí íá ñõèìßóåôå Ýíá
<quote>dfilter</quote> ôï ïðïßï íá áðïêüðôåé ôçí êßíçóç SMTP.
Äåßôå ôá õðïäåßãìáôá ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò.</para>
<para>Ôï ìüíï ðïõ ìÝíåé åßíáé íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï ìç÷Üíçìá. ÌåôÜ
ôçí åðáíåêêßíçóç, ìðïñåßôå åßôå íá ãñÜøåôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ppp</userinput></screen>
<para>êáé Ýðåéôá <command>dial provider</command> ãéá íá îåêéíÞóåôå
ôç óõíåäñßá PPP, Þ áí èÝëåôå ôï <command>ppp</command> íá
áðïêáèéóôÜ ôéò óõíåäñßåò áõôüìáôá êÜèå öïñÜ ðïõ õðÜñ÷åé êßíçóç
ðñïò ôï åîùôåñéêü äßêôõï (êáé äåí Ý÷åôå äçìéïõñãÞóåé ôï script
<filename>start_if.tun0</filename>) ìðïñåßôå íá ãñÜøåôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ppp -auto provider</userinput></screen>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Ðåñßëçøç</title>
<para>Ãéá íá áíáêåöáëáéþóïõìå, ôá ðáñáêÜôù âÞìáôá åßíáé áðáñáßôçôá
üôáí åãêáèéóôÜôå ôï ppp ãéá ðñþôç öïñÜ:</para>
<para>Áðü ôç ìåñéÜ ôïõ ìç÷áíÞìáôïò-ðåëÜôç:</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé óôïí ðõñÞíá óáò ç óõóêåõÞ
<devicename>tun</devicename>.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé õðÜñ÷åé ôï áñ÷åßï ôçò óõóêåõÞò
<filename
class="devicefile">tun<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>
óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
class="directory">/dev</filename>.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>. Ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ãéá ôï
<filename>pmdemand</filename> èá ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé åðáñêÝò ãéá
ôïõò ðåñéóóüôåñïõò ISPs.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Áí Ý÷åôå äõíáìéêÞ äéåýèõíóç IP, äçìéïõñãÞóôå ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç
óôï <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Åíçìåñþóôå ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå ôï script <filename>start_if.tun0</filename> áí
÷ñåéÜæåóôå êëÞóç êáôÜ áðáßôçóç.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<para>Áðü ôç ìåñéÜ ôïõ åîõðçñåôçôÞ:</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé óôïí ðõñÞíá óáò ç óõóêåõÞ
<devicename>tun</devicename>.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé õðÜñ÷åé ôï áñ÷åßï ôçò óõóêåõÞò
<filename
class="devicefile">tun<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>
óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
class="directory">/dev</filename>.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç óôï
<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> (÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï ðñüãñáììá
&man.vipw.8;).</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá áñ÷åßï profile óôïí ðñïóùðéêü êáôÜëïãï ôïõ
÷ñÞóôç, ôï ïðïßï íá åêôåëåß ôçí åíôïëÞ
<command>ppp -direct direct-server</command> Þ êÜðïéá
áíôßóôïé÷ç.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç óôï
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>. Ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ãéá ôï
<filename>direct-server</filename> èá ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé
åðáñêÝò.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç óôï
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Åíçìåñþóôå ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="ppp">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Gennady B.</firstname>
<surname>Sorokopud</surname>
<contrib>ÊÜðïéá ôìÞìáôá ðñïÝñ÷ïíôáé áðü áñ÷éêÞ óõíåéóöïñÜ
ôùí </contrib>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Robert</firstname>
<surname>Huff</surname>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï PPP ôïõ ÐõñÞíá</title>
<warning>
<para>Ç åíüôçôá áõôÞ åßíáé Ýãêõñç êáé ìðïñåß íá åöáñìïóôåß ìüíï óå
óõóôÞìáôá &os; 7.X.</para>
</warning>
<sect2>
<title>Ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï PPP ôïõ ÐõñÞíá</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP</primary>
<secondary>kernel PPP</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ðñéí îåêéíÞóåôå íá ñõèìßæåôå ôï PPP óôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò, âåâáéùèåßôå
üôé ôï <command>pppd</command> âñßóêåôáé óôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename class="directory">/usr/sbin</filename> êáé üôé õðÜñ÷åé ï
êáôÜëïãïò <filename class="directory">/etc/ppp</filename>.</para>
<para>Ôï <command>pppd</command> Ý÷åé äýï êáôáóôÜóåéò
ëåéôïõñãßáò:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Ùò ðåëÜôçò (<quote>client</quote>) — üôáí èÝëåôå íá
óõíäÝóåôå ôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò ìå ôïí Ýîù êüóìï ìÝóù óåéñéáêÞò óýíäåóçò
óýíäåóçò Þ ãñáììÞò modem.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP</primary>
<secondary>server</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ùò åîõðçñåôçôÞò (<quote>server</quote>) — ôï ìç÷Üíçìá
óáò åßíáé óõíäåìÝíï óôï äßêôõï êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá íá
óõíäÝóåé Üëëïõò õðïëïãéóôÝò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï PPP.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>Êáé óôéò äýï ðåñéðôþóåéò èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Ýíá áñ÷åßï
åðéëïãþí (<filename>/etc/ppp/options</filename> Þ
<filename>~/.ppprc</filename> áí óôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò õðÜñ÷ïõí
ðåñéóóüôåñïé áðü Ýíáò ÷ñÞóôåò ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôï PPP).</para>
<para>Èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå åðßóçò êáé êÜðïéï ëïãéóìéêü ãéá ÷ñÞóç ìå modem
êáé óåéñéáêÝò óõíäÝóåéò (êáôÜ ðñïôßìçóç ôï <filename
role="package">comms/kermit</filename>), þóôå íá ìðïñåßôå íá
êáëÝóåôå êáé íá áðïêáôáóôÞóåôå ôç óýíäåóç ìå ôïí áðïìáêñõóìÝíï
åîõðçñåôçôÞ.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<sect2info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Trev</firstname>
<surname>Roydhouse</surname>
<contrib>ÂáóéóìÝíï óå ðëçñïöïñßåò ðïõ ðáñåß÷å ï </contrib>
<!-- Trev.Roydhouse@f401.n711.z3.fidonet.org -->
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect2info>
<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï <command>pppd</command> ùò ÐåëÜôçò</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP</primary>
<secondary>client</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>Cisco</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï
<filename>/etc/ppp/options</filename> ðïõ öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù, ãéá íá
óõíäåèåßôå óå ìéá ãñáììÞ PPP åíüò åîõðçñåôçôÞ ôåñìáôéêþí (terminal
server) ôçò Cisco.</para>
<programlisting>crtscts # enable hardware flow control
modem # modem control line
noipdefault # remote PPP server must supply your IP address
# if the remote host does not send your IP during IPCP
# negotiation, remove this option
passive # wait for LCP packets
domain ppp.foo.com # put your domain name here
:<replaceable>remote_ip</replaceable> # put the IP of remote PPP host here
# it will be used to route packets via PPP link
# if you didn't specified the noipdefault option
# change this line to <replaceable>local_ip</replaceable>:<replaceable>remote_ip</replaceable>
defaultroute # put this if you want that PPP server will be your
# default router</programlisting>
<para>Ãéá íá óõíäåèåßôå:</para>
<indexterm><primary>Kermit</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>modem</primary></indexterm>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>ÊáëÝóôå ôïí áðïìáêñõóìÝíï åîõðçñåôçôÞ ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï
<application>Kermit</application> (Þ êÜðïéï Üëëï ðñüãñáììá ãéá
modem) êáé åéóÜãåôå ôï üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç êáé ôïí êùäéêü óáò (Þ üôé Üëëï
÷ñåéÜæåôáé ãéá íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôï PPP óôïí áðïìáêñõóìÝíï
õðïëïãéóôÞ).</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Âãåßôå áðü ôï <application>Kermit</application> (÷ùñßò íá
êëåßóåôå ôç ãñáììÞ).</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÐëçêôñïëïãÞóôå ôá ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/sbin/pppd <replaceable>/dev/tty01</replaceable> <replaceable>19200</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôï óùóôü üíïìá óõóêåõÞò êáé
ôçí êáôÜëëçëç ôá÷ýôçôá.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<para>Ï õðïëïãéóôÞò óáò åßíáé ôþñá óõíäåìÝíïò ìÝóù PPP. Áí ç óýíäåóç
áðïôý÷åé, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
<option>debug</option> óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/ppp/options</filename> êáé íá åëÝãîåôå ôá ìçíýìáôá óôçí
êïíóüëá ãéá íá áíé÷íåýóåôå ôï ðñüâëçìá.</para>
<para>Ôï ðáñáêÜôù script <filename>/etc/ppp/pppup</filename>
áõôïìáôïðïéåß êáé ôá 3 óôÜäéá:</para>
<programlisting>#!/bin/sh
pgrep -l pppd
pid=`pgrep pppd`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}
kill ${pid}
fi
pgrep -l kermit
pid=`pgrep kermit`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}
kill -9 ${pid}
fi
ifconfig ppp0 down
ifconfig ppp0 delete
kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.dial
pppd /dev/tty01 19200</programlisting>
<indexterm>
<primary>Kermit</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/ppp/kermit.dial</filename> åßíáé Ýíá
script ãéá ôï <application>Kermit</application> ôï ïðïßï êÜíåé ôçí
êëÞóç êáé ôçí ðéóôïðïßçóç ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç óôïí áðïìáêñõóìÝíï õðïëïãéóôÞ
(óôï ôÝëïò áõôïý ôïõ åããñÜöïõ, èá âñåßôå Ýíá ðáñÜäåéãìá ãéá Ýíá
ôÝôïéï script).</para>
<para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï ðáñáêÜôù script
<filename>/etc/ppp/pppdown</filename> ãéá íá áðïóõíäÝóåôå ôçí ãñáììÞ
PPP:</para>
<programlisting>#!/bin/sh
pid=`pgrep pppd`
if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then
echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}
kill -TERM ${pid}
fi
pgrep -l kermit
pid=`pgrep kermit`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}
kill -9 ${pid}
fi
/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 down
/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 delete
kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.hup
/etc/ppp/ppptest</programlisting>
<para>ÅëÝãîôå áí åêôåëåßôáé áêüìá ôï <command>pppd</command>,
åêôåëþíôáò ôï <filename>/usr/etc/ppp/ppptest</filename>, ôï ïðïßï èá
ìïéÜæåé ìå ôï ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>#!/bin/sh
pid=`pgrep pppd`
if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then
echo 'pppd running: PID=' ${pid-NONE}
else
echo 'No pppd running.'
fi
set -x
netstat -n -I ppp0
ifconfig ppp0</programlisting>
<para>Ãéá íá êëåßóåôå ôçí ãñáììÞ, åêôåëÝóôå ôï
<filename>/etc/ppp/kermit.hup</filename>, ôï ïðïßï èá ðñÝðåé íá
ðåñéÝ÷åé:</para>
<programlisting>set line /dev/tty01 ; put your modem device here
set speed 19200
set file type binary
set file names literal
set win 8
set rec pack 1024
set send pack 1024
set block 3
set term bytesize 8
set command bytesize 8
set flow none
pau 1
out +++
inp 5 OK
out ATH0\13
echo \13
exit</programlisting>
<para>Ìéá åíáëëáêôéêÞ ìÝèïäïò ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï
<command>chat</command> áíôß ãéá ôï
<command>kermit</command>:</para>
<para>Ôá ðáñáêÜôù äýï áñ÷åßá åðáñêïýí ãéá ôç äçìéïõñãßá ìéáò óýíäåóçò
<command>pppd</command>.</para>
<para><filename>/etc/ppp/options</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>/dev/cuad1 115200
crtscts # enable hardware flow control
modem # modem control line
connect "/usr/bin/chat -f /etc/ppp/login.chat.script"
noipdefault # remote PPP serve must supply your IP address
# if the remote host doesn't send your IP during
# IPCP negotiation, remove this option
passive # wait for LCP packets
domain <replaceable>your.domain</replaceable> # put your domain name here
: # put the IP of remote PPP host here
# it will be used to route packets via PPP link
# if you didn't specified the noipdefault option
# change this line to <replaceable>local_ip</replaceable>:<replaceable>remote_ip</replaceable>
defaultroute # put this if you want that PPP server will be
# your default router</programlisting>
<para><filename>/etc/ppp/login.chat.script</filename>:</para>
<note>
<para>Ôï ðáñáêÜôù èá ðñÝðåé íá ãñáöåß óå ìéá ìüíï ãñáììÞ.</para>
</note>
<programlisting>ABORT BUSY ABORT 'NO CARRIER' "" AT OK ATDT<replaceable>phone.number</replaceable>
CONNECT "" TIMEOUT 10 ogin:-\\r-ogin: <replaceable>login-id</replaceable>
TIMEOUT 5 sword: <replaceable>password</replaceable></programlisting>
<para>Ìüëéò ôñïðïðïéÞóåôå êáé åãêáôáóôÞóåôå óùóôÜ ôá ðáñáðÜíù áñ÷åßá,
ôï ìüíï ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá êÜíåôå åßíáé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
<command>pppd</command>, ìå ôïí ôñüðï ðïõ öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pppd</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï <command>pppd</command> ùò ÅîõðçñåôçôÞ</title>
<para>Ôï <filename>/etc/ppp/options</filename> èá ðñÝðåé íá ðåñéÝ÷åé
êÜôé áíôßóôïé÷ï ìå ôï ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>crtscts # Hardware flow control
netmask 255.255.255.0 # netmask (not required)
192.114.208.20:192.114.208.165 # IP's of local and remote hosts
# local ip must be different from one
# you assigned to the Ethernet (or other)
# interface on your machine.
# remote IP is IP address that will be
# assigned to the remote machine
domain ppp.foo.com # your domain
passive # wait for LCP
modem # modem line</programlisting>
<para>Ôï script <filename>/etc/ppp/pppserv</filename> ðïõ öáßíåôáé
ðáñáêÜôù, èá ðåé óôï <application>pppd</application> íá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé
ùò åîõðçñåôçôÞò:</para>
<programlisting>#!/bin/sh
pgrep -l pppd
pid=`pgrep pppd`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}
kill ${pid}
fi
pgrep -l kermit
pid=`pgrep kermit`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}
kill -9 ${pid}
fi
# reset ppp interface
ifconfig ppp0 down
ifconfig ppp0 delete
# enable autoanswer mode
kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.ans
# run ppp
pppd /dev/tty01 19200</programlisting>
<para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï ðáñáêÜôù script
<filename>/etc/ppp/pppservdown</filename> ãéá íá óôáìáôÞóåôå ôïí
åîõðçñåôçôÞ:</para>
<programlisting>#!/bin/sh
pgrep -l pppd
pid=`pgrep pppd`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}
kill ${pid}
fi
pgrep -l kermit
pid=`pgrep kermit`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}
kill -9 ${pid}
fi
ifconfig ppp0 down
ifconfig ppp0 delete
kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.noans</programlisting>
<para>Ôï ðáñáêÜôù script ãéá ôï <application>Kermit</application>
(<filename>/etc/ppp/kermit.ans</filename>) ìðïñåß íá åíåñãïðïéåß êáé
íá áðåíåñãïðïéåß ôçí ëåéôïõñãßá áõôüìáôçò áðÜíôçóçò óôï modem
óáò.</para>
<programlisting>set line /dev/tty01
set speed 19200
set file type binary
set file names literal
set win 8
set rec pack 1024
set send pack 1024
set block 3
set term bytesize 8
set command bytesize 8
set flow none
pau 1
out +++
inp 5 OK
out ATH0\13
inp 5 OK
echo \13
out ATS0=1\13 ; change this to out ATS0=0\13 if you want to disable
; autoanswer mode
inp 5 OK
echo \13
exit</programlisting>
<para>Óôïí áðïìáêñõóìÝíï õðïëïãéóôÞ, ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ôï script
<filename>/etc/ppp/kermit.dial</filename> ãéá êëÞóç êáé ðéóôïðïßçóç
ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç. Èá ðñÝðåé íá ôï ôñïðïðïéÞóåôå óýìöùíá ìå ôéò áíÜãêåò óáò.
ÂÜëôå ôï üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç êáé ôïí êùäéêü óáò óå áõôü ôï script.
Èá ÷ñåéáóôåß åðßóçò íá áëëÜîåôå ôçí ãñáììÞ ãéá ôçí åßóïäï (input)
áíÜëïãá ìå ôéò áðáíôÞóåéò ðïõ äßíåé ôï modem óáò êáé ï áðïìáêñõóìÝíïò
õðïëïãéóôÞò.</para>
<programlisting>;
; put the com line attached to the modem here:
;
set line /dev/tty01
;
; put the modem speed here:
;
set speed 19200
set file type binary ; full 8 bit file xfer
set file names literal
set win 8
set rec pack 1024
set send pack 1024
set block 3
set term bytesize 8
set command bytesize 8
set flow none
set modem hayes
set dial hangup off
set carrier auto ; Then SET CARRIER if necessary,
set dial display on ; Then SET DIAL if necessary,
set input echo on
set input timeout proceed
set input case ignore
def \%x 0 ; login prompt counter
goto slhup
:slcmd ; put the modem in command mode
echo Put the modem in command mode.
clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer
pause 1
output +++ ; hayes escape sequence
input 1 OK\13\10 ; wait for OK
if success goto slhup
output \13
pause 1
output at\13
input 1 OK\13\10
if fail goto slcmd ; if modem doesn't answer OK, try again
:slhup ; hang up the phone
clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer
pause 1
echo Hanging up the phone.
output ath0\13 ; hayes command for on hook
input 2 OK\13\10
if fail goto slcmd ; if no OK answer, put modem in command mode
:sldial ; dial the number
pause 1
echo Dialing.
output atdt9,550311\13\10 ; put phone number here
assign \%x 0 ; zero the time counter
:look
clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer
increment \%x ; Count the seconds
input 1 {CONNECT }
if success goto sllogin
reinput 1 {NO CARRIER\13\10}
if success goto sldial
reinput 1 {NO DIALTONE\13\10}
if success goto slnodial
reinput 1 {\255}
if success goto slhup
reinput 1 {\127}
if success goto slhup
if < \%x 60 goto look
else goto slhup
:sllogin ; login
assign \%x 0 ; zero the time counter
pause 1
echo Looking for login prompt.
:slloop
increment \%x ; Count the seconds
clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer
output \13
;
; put your expected login prompt here:
;
input 1 {Username: }
if success goto sluid
reinput 1 {\255}
if success goto slhup
reinput 1 {\127}
if success goto slhup
if < \%x 10 goto slloop ; try 10 times to get a login prompt
else goto slhup ; hang up and start again if 10 failures
:sluid
;
; put your userid here:
;
output ppp-login\13
input 1 {Password: }
;
; put your password here:
;
output ppp-password\13
input 1 {Entering SLIP mode.}
echo
quit
:slnodial
echo \7No dialtone. Check the telephone line!\7
exit 1
; local variables:
; mode: csh
; comment-start: "; "
; comment-start-skip: "; "
; end:</programlisting>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="ppp-troubleshoot">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Tom</firstname>
<surname>Rhodes</surname>
<contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<!-- 13 June 2003 -->
</sect1info>
<title>Áíôéìåôþðéóç ÐñïâëçìÜôùí óå ÓõíäÝóåéò
<acronym>PPP</acronym></title>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP</primary>
<secondary>troubleshooting</secondary>
</indexterm>
<warning>
<para>Áðü ôï &os; 8.0 êáé ìåôÜ, ôï ðñüãñáììá ïäÞãçóçò &man.sio.4;
áíôéêáôáóôÜèçêå áðü ôï &man.uart.4;. Ôá ïíüìáôá óõóêåõþí ôùí
óåéñéáêþí èõñþí Ý÷ïõí áëëÜîåé áðü
<filename>/dev/cuad<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> óå
<filename>/dev/cuau<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> êáé áðü
<filename>/dev/ttyd<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> óå
<filename>/dev/ttyu<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>.
Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ôïõ &os; 7.X èá ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóáñìüóïõí ôéò ðáñáêÜôù
ïäçãßåò óýìöùíá ìå áõôÝò ôéò áëëáãÝò.</para>
</warning>
<para>Ç åíüôçôá áõôÞ êáëýðôåé ìåñéêÜ áðü ôá ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ ìðïñåß íá
ðáñïõóéáóôïýí üôáí ãßíåôáé ÷ñÞóç ôïõ PPP ìÝóù óýíäåóçò modem. Ãéá
ðáñÜäåéãìá, èá ðñÝðåé íá îÝñåôå ìå áêñßâåéá ôá ìçíýìáôá åéóüäïõ ðïõ èá
åìöáíßóåé ôï óýóôçìá ôï ïðïßï êáëåßôå. Ìåñéêïß <acronym>ISP</acronym>
äßíïõí ôçí ðñïôñïðÞ <literal>ssword</literal>, åíþ Üëëïé äßíïõí ôçí
<literal>password</literal>. Áí äåí Ý÷åôå ãñÜøåé óùóôÜ ôï script ãéá
ôï <command>ppp</command>, ç áðüðåéñá åéóüäïõ èá áðïôý÷åé. Ï ðéï
óõíçèéóìÝíïò ôñüðïò íá åêóöáëìáôþóåôå ìéá óýíäåóç
<command>ppp</command>, åßíáé íá óõíäåèåßôå ÷åéñïêßíçôá. Ïé ðëçñïöïñßåò
ðïõ åìöáíßæïíôáé ðáñáêÜôù, èá óáò ïäçãÞóïõí âÞìá ðñïò âÞìá óôç
÷åéñïêßíçôç áðïêáôÜóôáóç ôçò óýíäåóçò.</para>
<sect2>
<title>ÅëÝãîôå ôá Áñ÷åßá Óõóêåõþí</title>
<para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá, âåâáéùèåßôå üôé Ý÷åôå
ðåñéëÜâåé ôçí ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ óôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ ðõñÞíá
óáò:</para>
<programlisting>device uart</programlisting>
<para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôïí ðõñÞíá <literal>GENERIC</literal>, äåí
÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá êÜíåôå êÜðïéá áëëáãÞ, êáèþò ç óõóêåýç
<devicename>uart</devicename> ðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé Þäç óå áõôüí.
Áðëþò åëÝãîôå ôá ìçíýìáôá ôçò <command>dmesg</command> ãéá ôçí
óõóêåõÞ modem, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dmesg | grep uart</userinput></screen>
<para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá äåßôå êÜðïéá Ýîïäï ó÷åôéêÞ ìå ôéò óõóêåõÝò
<devicename>uart</devicename>. Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ôéò èýñåò COM ðïõ
÷ñåéáæüìáóôå. Áí ôï modem óáò ëåéôïõñãåß ùò ôõðïðïéçìÝíç óåéñéáêÞ
èýñá, èá ðñÝðåé íá ôï äåßôå íá áíáöÝñåôáé ùò
<devicename>uart1</devicename>, Þ <devicename>COM2</devicename>. Áí
óõìâáßíåé áõôü, äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôïí ðõñÞíá
óáò. Áí ç óåéñéáêÞ èýñá ðïõ áíôéóôïé÷åß óôï modem óáò åßíáé ç
<devicename>uart1</devicename> Þ <devicename>COM2</devicename> óôï
DOS, ç áíôßóôïé÷ç óõóêåõÞ modem èá åßíáé ç
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/cuau1</filename>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>×åéñïêßíçôç Óýíäåóç</title>
<para>Ç ÷åéñïêßíçôç óýíäåóç óôï Internet ìå ÷ñÞóç ôçò
<command>ppp</command>, åßíáé Ýíáò ãñÞãïñïò êáé åýêïëïò ôñüðïò íá
åíôïðßóåôå ôõ÷üí ðñïâëÞìáôá óýíäåóçò, Þ áðëþò íá ðÜñåôå ðëçñïöïñßåò
ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï ðùò ï <acronym>ISP</acronym> óáò áíôéìåôùðßæåé ôéò
óõíäÝóåéò ðåëáôþí <command>ppp</command>. Èá îåêéíÞóïõìå ôçí
åöáñìïãÞ <application>PPP</application> áðü ôçí ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí.
Óçìåéþóôå üôé óå üëá ìáò ôá ðáñáäåßãìáôá, èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýìå ôï
<emphasis>example</emphasis> ùò ôï üíïìá ôïõ õðïëïãéóôÞ ðïõ åêôåëåß
ôï <application>PPP</application>. Ìðïñåßôå íá îåêéíÞóåôå ôï
<command>ppp</command>, ãñÜöïíôáò áðëþò <command>ppp</command>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ppp</userinput></screen>
<para>¸÷ïõìå ôþñá îåêéíÞóåé ôï <command>ppp</command>.</para>
<screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>set device <filename class="devicefile">/dev/cuau1</filename></userinput></screen>
<para>ÈÝôïõìå ôç óõóêåõÞ modem. Óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò, åßíáé ç
<devicename>cuau1</devicename>.</para>
<screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>set speed 115200</userinput></screen>
<para>ÈÝôïõìå ôçí ôá÷ýôçôá óýíäåóçò, óå áõôÞ ôçí ðåñßðôùóç
÷ñçóéìïðïéïýìå 115,200 <acronym>kbps</acronym>.</para>
<screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>enable dns</userinput></screen>
<para>ËÝìå óôï <command>ppp</command> íá ñõèìßóåé ôïí
resolver êáé ðñïóèÝôïõìå ôéò êáôÜëëçëåò ãñáììÝò ãéá ôï äéáêïìéóôÞ
ïíïìÜôùí óôï <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>. Áí ôï
<command>ppp</command> äåí ìðïñåß íá êáèïñßóåé ôï üíïìá ôïõ
äéáêïìéóôÞ, ìðïñïýìå íá ôï êáèïñßóïõìå ìå ÷åéñïêßíçôï ôñüðï
áñãüôåñá.</para>
<screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>term</userinput></screen>
<para>ÁëëÜæïõìå óå êáôÜóôáóç <quote>terminal</quote> þóôå íá ìðïñïýìå
íá åëÝãîïõìå ôï modem ÷åéñïêßíçôá.</para>
<programlisting>deflink: Entering terminal mode on <filename class="devicefile">/dev/cuau1</filename>
type '~h' for help</programlisting>
<screen><userinput>at</userinput>
OK
<userinput>atdt<replaceable>123456789</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>×ñçóéìïðïéïýìå ôï <command>at</command> ãéá íá áñ÷éêïðïéÞóïõìå ôï
modem, êáé Ýðåéôá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýìå ôï <command>atdt</command> êáé ôïí
áñéèìü ôïõ <acronym>ISP</acronym> ãéá íá îåêéíÞóïõìå ôç äéáäéêáóßá
ôçò êëÞóçò.</para>
<screen>CONNECT</screen>
<para>Åäþ Ý÷ïõìå åðéâåâáßùóç ôçò óýíäåóçò. Áí Ý÷ïõìå ðñïâëÞìáôá
óýíäåóçò ôá ïðïßá äåí ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôï õëéêü ìáò, åäþ åßíáé ôï óçìåßï
ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóðáèÞóïõìå íá ôá åðéëýóïõìå.</para>
<screen>ISP Login:<userinput>myusername</userinput></screen>
<para>Ç ðñïôñïðÞ áõôÞ åßíáé ãéá íá äþóïõìå ôï üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç.
×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç ðïõ óáò Ý÷åé äïèåß áðü ôïí
<acronym>ISP</acronym> óáò.</para>
<screen>ISP Pass:<userinput>mypassword</userinput></screen>
<para>Ç ðñïôñïðÞ áõôÞ åßíáé ãéá ôïí êùäéêü ðñüóâáóçò. ÁðáíôÞóôå ìå ôïí
êùäéêü ðïõ óáò Ý÷åé äïèåß áðü ôïí <acronym>ISP</acronym> óáò.
Ï êùäéêüò áõôüò äåí èá åìöáíéóôåß óôçí ïèüíç óáò, üðùò áêñéâþò
óõìâáßíåé êáé ìå ôïí êùäéêü óáò üôáí ôïí ãñÜöåôå óôçí ðñïôñïðÞ åéóüäïõ
ôïõ &os; óõóôÞìáôïò óáò.</para>
<screen>Shell or PPP:<userinput>ppp</userinput></screen>
<para>ÁíÜëïãá ìå ôïí <acronym>ISP</acronym> óáò, ìðïñåß íá ìçí äåßôå êáé
êáèüëïõ ôçí ðáñáðÜíù ðñïôñïðÞ. Óôçí ðáñáðÜíù ðåñßðôùóç ìáò ñùôÜåé
áí åðéèõìïýìå íá åêôåëÝóïõìå êÜðïéï êÝëõöïò (shell) óôï ìç÷Üíçìá ôïõ
ðáñï÷Ýá, Þ áí èÝëïõìå íá åêêéíÞóïõìå ôï <command>ppp</command>.
Óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò åðéëÝîáìå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõìå
<command>ppp</command> êáèþò èÝëïõìå íá óõíäåèïýìå óôï
Internet.</para>
<screen>Ppp ON example></screen>
<para>ÐáñáôçñÞóôå üôé óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ôï ðñþôï <option>p</option>
åßíáé êåöáëáßï. Áõôü äåß÷íåé üôé Ý÷ïõìå óõíäåèåß åðéôõ÷þò ìå ôïí
<acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
<screen>PPp ON example></screen>
<para>¸÷ïõìå ðéóôïðïéçèåß ìå åðéôõ÷ßá áðü ôïí <acronym>ISP</acronym>
ìáò, êáé ðåñéìÝíïõìå íá ìáò áðïäïèåß äéåýèõíóç
<acronym>IP</acronym>.</para>
<screen>PPP ON example></screen>
<para>¸÷åé ðëÝïí êáèïñéóôåß äéåýèõíóç <acronym>IP</acronym>, êáé Ý÷ïõìå
ïëïêëçñþóåé ôç óýíäåóç ìå åðéôõ÷ßá.</para>
<screen>PPP ON example><userinput>add default HISADDR</userinput></screen>
<para>Åäþ ðñïóèÝôïõìå ôçí ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç äéáäñïìÞ (default route).
Ôï âÞìá áõôü åßíáé áðáñáßôçôï ðñéí ìðïñÝóïõìå íá åðéêïéíùíÞóïõìå ìå
ôïí Ýîù êüóìï, êáèþò ôç äåäïìÝíç óôéãìÞ ç ìüíç óýíäåóç ðïõ Ý÷ïõìå
åßíáé ìå Ýíá õðïëïãéóôÞ áðü ôçí Üëëç ìåñéÜ ôçò ãñáììÞò. Áí ôï
ðáñáðÜíù áðïôý÷åé åðåéäÞ õðÜñ÷ïõí Þäç êáèïñéóìÝíåò äéáäñïìÝò,
ìðïñåßôå íá âÜëåôå Ýíá èáõìáóôéêü <literal>!</literal> ìðñïóôÜ áðü ôï
<option>add</option>. ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, ìðïñåßôå íá êÜíåôå áõôÞ ôç
ñýèìéóç ðñéí åðé÷åéñÞóåôå ôç óýíäåóç, êáé èá ãßíåé áõôüìáôá
äéáðñáãìÜôåõóç ôçò íÝáò äéáäñïìÞò.</para>
<para>Áí üëá ðÞãáí êáëÜ, èá ðñÝðåé ôþñá íá Ý÷åôå åíåñãÞ óýíäåóç ìå ôï
Internet, ôçí ïðïßá ìðïñåßôå íá ìåôáêéíÞóåôå óôï ðáñáóêÞíéï
÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï óõíäõáóìü ðëÞêôñùí
<keycombo action="simul"><keycap>CTRL</keycap>
<keycap>z</keycap></keycombo>. Áí ðáñáôçñÞóåôå ôï
<command>PPP</command> íá ãßíåôáé îáíÜ <command>ppp</command>,
ç óýíäåóç Ý÷åé äéáêïðåß. Ìå ôïí ôñüðï áõôü ìðïñåßôå íá ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå
ôçí êáôÜóôáóç ôçò óýíäåóç óáò. Ôá êåöáëáßá P äåß÷íïõí üôé õðÜñ÷åé
óýíäåóç ìå ôïí <acronym>ISP</acronym> åíþ ôá ìéêñÜ p äåß÷íïõí üôé
ãéá êÜðïéï ëüãï ç óýíäåóç Ý÷åé ÷áèåß. Ôï <command>ppp</command> Ý÷åé
ìüíï áõôÝò ôéò äýï êáôáóôÜóåéò.</para>
<sect3>
<title>Áíôéìåôþðéóç ÐñïâëçìÜôùí</title>
<para>Áí Ý÷åôå áðåõèåßáò ãñáììÞ êáé äåí öáßíåôáé íá ìðïñåßôå íá
áðïêáôáóôÞóåôå ôç óýíäåóç, áðåíåñãïðïéÞóôå ôïí Ýëåã÷ï ñïÞò ìÝóù
õëéêïý (<acronym>CTS/RTS</acronym>) ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åðéëïãÞ
<option>set ctsrts off</option>. Ôï ðáñáðÜíù óõìâáßíåé óõíÞèùò áí
åßóôå óõíäåìÝíïò óå êÜðïéï åîõðçñåôçôÞ ôåñìáôéêþí ìå äõíáôüôçôá
<application>PPP</application>, üðïõ ôï
<application>PPP</application> óôáìáôÜåé íá áðïêñßíåôáé üôáí
ðñïóðáèåß íá ãñÜøåé äåäïìÝíá óôç óýíäåóç óáò. Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç áõôÞ,
óõíÞèùò ðåñéìÝíåé ãéá êÜðïéï óÞìá <acronym>CTS</acronym> (Clear
To Send) ôï ïðïßï äåí Ýñ÷åôáé ðïôÝ. Áí ùóôüóï ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå áõôÞ
ôçí åðéëïãÞ, èá ðñÝðåé åðßóçò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå êáé ôçí åðéëïãÞ
<option>set accmap</option> ç ïðïßá åíäå÷ïìÝíùò áðáéôåßôáé ãéá íá
áðïìïíùèåß ôï õëéêü ðïõ åîáñôÜôáé áðü ôç ìåôÜäïóç óõãêåêñéìÝíùí
÷áñáêôÞñùí áðü ôç ìéá Üêñç óôçí Üëëç, óõíÞèùò ìÝóù ôïõ XON/XOFF.
Äåßôå ôç óåëßäá manual ôïõ &man.ppp.8; ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò
ó÷åôéêÜ ìå áõôÞ ôçí åðéëïãÞ êáé ðùò ìðïñåßôå íá ôçí
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå.</para>
<para>Áí äéáèÝôåôå Ýíá ðáëáéüôåñï modem, ßóùò ÷ñåéáóôåß íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>set parity even</option>.
Ç ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç ñýèìéóç åßíáé íá ìçí õðÜñ÷åé éóïôéìßá (parity
none), áëëÜ óå ðáëéÜ modems (êáé óå êÜðïéïõò
<acronym>ISP</acronym>) ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá Ýëåã÷ï ëáèþí
(ç ÷ñÞóç ôçò ðñïêáëåß ùóôüóï ìåãÜëç áýîçóç óôç ìåôáêßíçóç
äåäïìÝíùí). ºóùò ÷ñåéáóôåßôå áõôÞ ôçí åðéëïãÞ, áí ï
<acronym>ISP</acronym> óáò åßíáé ç Compuserve.</para>
<para>Ôï <application>PPP</application> ßóùò íá ìçí åðáíÝëèåé óôçí
êáôÜóôáóç åíôïëþí, ôï ïðïßï åßíáé óõíÞèùò óöÜëìá äéáðñáãìÜôåõóçò,
êáèþò ï <acronym>ISP</acronym> ðåñéìÝíåé áðü ôç äéêÞ óáò ìåñéÜ íá
îåêéíÞóåé ôç äéáðñáãìÜôåõóç. Óôï óçìåßï áõôü, ç ÷ñÞóç ôçò åíôïëÞò
<command>~p</command> èá åîáíáãêÜóåé ôï ppp íá áñ÷ßóåé íá óôÝëíåé
ôéò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôç ñýèìéóç.</para>
<para>Áí äåí ðÜñåôå ðïôÝ ðñïôñïðÞ åéóüäïõ, ôï ðéèáíüôåñï åßíáé íá
ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ðéóôïðïßçóç <acronym>PAP</acronym> Þ
<acronym>CHAP</acronym> áíôß ãéá ôçí ôýðïõ &unix; ðéóôïðïßçóç ðïõ
ðåñéãñÜøáìå óôï ðáñáðÜíù ðáñÜäåéãìá. Ãéá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
<acronym>PAP</acronym> Þ <acronym>CHAP</acronym> áðëþò ðñïóèÝóôå ôéò
ðáñáêÜôù åðéëïãÝò óôçí åöáñìïãÞ <application>PPP</application>
ðñéí âñåèåßôå óå êáôÜóôáóç ôåñìáôéêïý:</para>
<screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>set authname <replaceable>myusername</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá áíôéêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï
<replaceable>myusername</replaceable> ìå ôï üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç ðïõ óáò
Ý÷åé äïèåß áðü ôïí <acronym>ISP</acronym> óáò.</para>
<screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>set authkey <replaceable>mypassword</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá áíôéêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï
<replaceable>mypassword</replaceable> ìå ôïí êùäéêü ÷ñÞóôç ðïõ óáò
Ý÷åé äïèåß áðü ôïí <acronym>ISP</acronym> óáò.</para>
<para>Áí óõíäÝåóôå êáíïíéêÜ, áëëÜ äåí öáßíåôáé íá ìðïñåßôå íá
åðéêïéíùíÞóåôå ìå êáìéÜ äéåýèõíóç, ðñïóðáèÞóôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.ping.8; ìå ìéá äéåýèõíóç <acronym>IP</acronym> ãéá
íá äåßôå áí èá ëÜâåôå áðÜíôçóç. Áí âëÝðåôå áðþëåéá ðáêÝôùí 100%,
ôï ðéï ðéèáíü åßíáé üôé äåí Ý÷åôå êáèïñßóåé êÜðïéá ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç
äéáäñïìÞ. ÅëÝãîôå îáíÜ üôé Ý÷åôå ñõèìßóåé ôçí åðéëïãÞ
<option>add default HISADDR</option> êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò óýíäåóçò.
Áí ìðïñåßôå íá åðéêïéíùíÞóåôå ìå ìéá áðïìáêñõóìÝíç äéåýèõíóç
<acronym>IP</acronym>, ôï ðéèáíüôåñï åßíáé üôé äåí Ý÷åôå âÜëåé
ôç äéåýèõíóç êÜðïéïõ äéáêïìéóôÞ ïíïìÜôùí óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>. Ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü èá ðñÝðåé íá
ìïéÜæåé ìå ôï ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>domain <replaceable>example.com</replaceable>
nameserver <replaceable>x.x.x.x</replaceable>
nameserver <replaceable>y.y.y.y</replaceable></programlisting>
<para>¼ðïõ ôá <replaceable>x.x.x.x</replaceable> êáé
<replaceable>y.y.y.y</replaceable> èá ðñÝðåé íá áíôéêáôáóôáèïýí ìå
ôéò äéåõèýíóåéò <acronym>IP</acronym> ôùí äéáêïìéóôþí DNS ôïõ
<acronym>ISP</acronym> óáò. Åíäå÷ïìÝíùò ïé ðëçñïöïñßåò áõôÝò íá
óáò Ý÷ïõí äïèåß êáôÜ ôçí åããñáöÞ óáò óôçí õðçñåóßá. Áí ü÷é, èá
ìðïñÝóåôå íá ôéò âñåßôå åýêïëá ìå Ýíá ôçëåöþíçìá óôïí
<acronym>ISP</acronym> óáò.</para>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôçí êáôáãñáöÞ óõìâÜíôùí ãéá
ôçí <application>PPP</application> óýíäåóç óáò, ìÝóù ôïõ
&man.syslog.3;. Áðëþò ðñïóèÝóôå:</para>
<programlisting>!ppp
*.* /var/log/ppp.log</programlisting>
<para>óôï <filename>/etc/syslog.conf</filename>. Ôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò
öïñÝò, áõôÞ ç ëåéôïõñãßá õðÜñ÷åé Þäç.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="pppoe">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Jim</firstname>
<surname>Mock</surname>
<contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ (áðü http://node.to/freebsd/how-tos/how-to-freebsd-pppoe.html) ôïõ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<!-- 10 Jan 2000 -->
</sect1info>
<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò PPP ìÝóù Ethernet (PPPoE)</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP</primary>
<secondary>over Ethernet</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPPoE</primary>
<see>PPP, over Ethernet</see>
</indexterm>
<para>Ç åíüôçôá áõôÞ ðåñéãñÜöåé ðùò íá ñõèìßóåôå ìéá óýíäåóç PPP ìÝóù
Ethernet (<acronym>PPPoE</acronym>).</para>
<sect2>
<title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ ÐõñÞíá</title>
<para>Äåí áðáéôåßôáé ðëÝïí åéäéêÞ ñýèìéóç ôïõ ðõñÞíá ãéá ôç ëåéôïõñãßá
PPPoE. Áí ï ðõñÞíáò óáò äåí ðåñéëáìâÜíåé ôçí áðáñáßôçôç õðïóôÞñéîç
netgraph, ôï <application>ppp</application> èá ôçí öïñôþóåé áõôüìáôá
ùò Üñèñùìá.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ <filename>ppp.conf</filename></title>
<para>ÐáñáêÜôù öáßíåôáé Ýíá õðüäåéãìá áñ÷åßïõ
<filename>ppp.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>default:
set log Phase tun command # you can add more detailed logging if you wish
set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0
name_of_service_provider:
set device PPPoE:<replaceable>xl1</replaceable> # replace xl1 with your Ethernet device
set authname YOURLOGINNAME
set authkey YOURPASSWORD
set dial
set login
add default HISADDR</programlisting>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ÅêôÝëåóç ôïõ <application>ppp</application></title>
<para>Ùò ÷ñÞóôçò <username>root</username>, ìðïñåßôå íá
åêôåëÝóåôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ppp -ddial name_of_service_provider</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Åêêßíçóç ôïõ <application>ppp</application> êáôÜ ôçí
Åêêßíçóç</title>
<para>ÐñïóèÝóôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÝò óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>ppp_enable="YES"
ppp_mode="ddial"
ppp_nat="YES" # if you want to enable nat for your local network, otherwise NO
ppp_profile="name_of_service_provider"</programlisting>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>×ñÞóç ìéáò ÅôéêÝôáò Õðçñåóßáò PPPoE</title>
<para>ÌåñéêÝò öïñÝò èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ìéá åôéêÝôá
õðçñåóßáò (service tag) ãéá ôçí áðïêáôÜóôáóç ôçò óýíäåóçò óáò.
Ïé åôéêÝôåò õðçñåóéþí ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé ãéá ôïí äéá÷ùñéóìü
ìåôáîý äéáöïñåôéêþí åîõðçñåôçôþí PPPoE ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé óôï ßäéï
äßêôõï.</para>
<para>Ç ôåêìçñßùóç ðïõ óáò Ý÷åé äþóåé ï ISP óáò, èá ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷åé ôéò
áðáéôïýìåíåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôçí åôéêÝôá õðçñåóßáò ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåóôå.
Áí äåí ìðïñåßôå íá ôçí âñåßôå, ñùôÞóôå ôçí åîõðçñÝôçóç ðåëáôþí ôïõ
ISP óáò.</para>
<para>Ùò ôåëåõôáßá ëýóç, èá ìðïñïýóáôå íá äïêéìÜóåôå ôçí ìÝèïäï
ðïõ óõíßóôáôáé óôï ðñüãñáììá <ulink
url="http://www.roaringpenguin.com/pppoe/">Roaring Penguin
PPPoE</ulink> ôï ïðïßï ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå óôçí <link
linkend="ports">ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports</link>. Íá Ý÷åôå õðüøç óáò,
üôé áõôü ìðïñåß íá áðïðñïãñáììáôßóåé êáé íá á÷ñçóôåýóåé ôï modem
óáò, Ýôóé óêåöôåßôå ôï êáëÜ ðñéí ôï êÜíåôå. Áðëþò åãêáôáóôÞóôå ôï
ðñüãñáììá ðïõ äßíåé ï ðáñï÷Ýáò óáò ìáæß ìå ôï modem. ¸ðåéôá,
åéóÝëèåôå óôï ìåíïý <guimenu>System</guimenu> ôïõ ðñïãñÜììáôïò.
Åêåß èá ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé ôï üíïìá ôïõ ðñïößë óáò. ÓõíÞèùò ãñÜöåé
<emphasis>ISP</emphasis>.</para>
<para>Ôï üíïìá ôïõ ðñïößë (åôéêÝôá õðçñåóßáò) èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß óôçí
êáôá÷þñéóç ãéá ôçí ñýèìéóç ôïõ PPPoE óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>ppp.conf</filename>, ùò ôï ôìÞìá ðïõ äçëþíåé ôïí ðáñï÷Ýá
óôçí åíôïëÞ <command>set device</command> (äåßôå ôç óåëßäá manual ôïõ
&man.ppp.8; ãéá ðëÞñåéò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò). èá äåß÷íåé üðùò ôï
ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>set device PPPoE:<replaceable>xl1</replaceable>:<replaceable>ISP</replaceable></programlisting>
<para>Ìçí îå÷Üóåôå íá áëëÜîåôå ôï <replaceable>xl1</replaceable>
ìå ôç óùóôÞ óõóêåõÞ ðïõ áíôéóôïé÷åß óôçí êÜñôá Ethernet ðïõ
÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå.</para>
<para>Ìçí îå÷Üóåôå íá áëëÜîåôå ôï <replaceable>ISP</replaceable>
ìå ôï ðñïößë ðïõ âñÞêáôå ðáñáðÜíù.</para>
<para>Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò, äåßôå:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><ulink
url="http://renaud.waldura.com/doc/freebsd/pppoe/">Öèçíüôåñåò
ÅõñõæùíéêÝò ÓõíäÝóåéò ìÝóù &os; óå ÃñáììÞ DSL</ulink> áðü ôïí
Renaud Waldura.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="ppp-3com">
<title>Ôï PPPoE óå Modem &tm.3com; <trademark
class="registered">HomeConnect</trademark> ADSL Dual Link</title>
<para>Áõôü ôï modem äåí áêïëïõèåß ôï <ulink
url="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2516.html">RFC 2516</ulink>
(<emphasis>Ìéá ìÝèïäïò ãéá ìåôÜäïóç PPP ìÝóù Ethernet
(PPPoE)</emphasis>, ãñáììÝíï áðü ôïõò L. Mamakos, K. Lidl, J. Evarts,
D. Carrel, D. Simone, êáé R. Wheeler). Áíôßèåôá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß
äéáöïñåôéêïýò ôýðïõò êùäéêþí ðáêÝôùí ãéá ôá ðëáßóéá Ethernet.
Ðáñáêáëïýìå íá åêöñÜóåôå ôá ðáñÜðïíá óáò óôçí <ulink
url="http://www.3com.com/">3Com</ulink> áí íïìßæåôå üôé èá ðñÝðåé
íá óõììïñöùèåß ìå ôéò ðñïäéáãñáöÝò ôïõ PPPoE.</para>
<para>Ãéá íá ìðïñåß ôï &os; íá åðéêïéíùíåß ìå áõôÞ ôç óõóêåõÞ, èá ðñÝðåé
íá ôåèåß Ýíá êáôÜëëçëï sysctl. Áõôü ìðïñåß íá ãßíåôáé áõôüìáôá êáôÜ
ôçí åêêßíçóç, ìå ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ
<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>net.graph.nonstandard_pppoe=1</programlisting>
<para>Þ ìðïñåß íá ãßíåé Üìåóá ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl net.graph.nonstandard_pppoe=1</userinput></screen>
<para>Äõóôõ÷þò, åðåéäÞ ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ìéá ñýèìéóç ðïõ åðçñåÜæåé ïëüêëçñï
ôï óýóôçìá, äåí åßíáé äõíáôüí íá åðéêïéíùíåßôå ôáõôü÷ñïíá ìå
Ýíá êáíïíéêü ðåëÜôç Þ åîõðçñåôçôÞ PPPoE êáé ìå Ýíá ADSL modem
&tm.3com; <trademark
class="registered">HomeConnect</trademark>.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="pppoa">
<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò <application>PPP</application> ìÝóù ATM
(PPPoA)</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP</primary>
<secondary>over ATM</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPPoA</primary>
<see>PPP, over ATM</see>
</indexterm>
<para>¹ åíüôçôá ðïõ áêïëïõèåß, ðåñéãñÜöåé ðùò íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï PPP ãéá
ëåéôïõñãßá ìÝóù ATM (PPPoA). Ôï PPPoA åßíáé ìéá äçìïöéëÞò åðéëïãÞ
óôïõò ðáñï÷åßò õðçñåóéþí DSL óôçí Åõñþðç.</para>
<sect2>
<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò PPPoA ìå ôï Alcatel &speedtouch; USB</title>
<para>Ç õðïóôÞñéîç PPPooA ãéá áõôÞ ôç óõóêåõÞ, ðáñÝ÷åôáé ùò port óôï
&os;, êáèþò ôï firmware ôçò óõóêåõÞò äéáíÝìåôáé õðü ôçí Üäåéá
<ulink url="http://www.speedtouchdsl.com/disclaimer_lx.htm">Alcatel's
license agreement</ulink> êáé äåí ìðïñåß íá äéáíåìçèåß åëåýèåñá ìå
ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá ôïõ &os;.</para>
<para>Ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï ëïãéóìéêü, áðëÜ ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí
<link linkend="ports">ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports</link>. ÅãêáôáóôÞóôå ôï
port <filename role="package">net/pppoa</filename> êáé áêïëïõèÞóôå ôéò
ïäçãßåò ðïõ ðåñéëáìâÜíïíôáé óå áõôü.</para>
<para>¼ðùò ðïëëÝò óõóêåõÝò USB, ôï Alcatel &speedtouch; ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá
êáôåâÜóåé ôï firmware ôïõ áðü ôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ óôï ïðïßï åßíáé
óõíäåìÝíï, ðñïêåéìÝíïõ íá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé óùóôÜ. Ç äéáäéêáóßá áõôÞ
ìðïñåß íá áõôïìáôïðïéçèåß óôï &os;, þóôå ç ìåôáöïñÜ íá ãßíåôáé êÜèå
öïñÜ ðïõ óõíäÝåôáé ç óõóêåõÞ óôç èýñá USB. Ìðïñåßôå íá ðñïóèÝóåôå
ôéò ðáñáêÜôù ðëçñïöïñßåò óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/usbd.conf</filename> ãéá íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôçí
áõôüìáôç ìåôáöïñÜ ôïõ firmware. Èá ðñÝðåé íá åðåîåñãáóôåßôå áõôü ôï
áñ÷åßï ùò ÷ñÞóôçò <username>root</username>.</para>
<programlisting>device "Alcatel SpeedTouch USB"
devname "ugen[0-9]+"
vendor 0x06b9
product 0x4061
attach "/usr/local/sbin/modem_run -f /usr/local/libdata/mgmt.o"</programlisting>
<para>Ãéá íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôï <application>usbd</application>, ôï
äáßìïíá USB, ðñïóèÝóôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>usbd_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<para>Ìðïñåß åðßóçò íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï <application>ppp</application> þóôå
íá åêôåëåß áõôüìáôá êëÞóç êáôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò. Ãéá íá
ãßíåé áõôü, ðñïóèÝóôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÝò óôï
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. Èá ðñÝðåé êáé ðÜëé íá åêôåëÝóåôå
ôç äéáäéêáóßá áõôÞ ùò <username>root</username>.</para>
<programlisting>ppp_enable="YES"
ppp_mode="ddial"
ppp_profile="adsl"</programlisting>
<para>Ãéá íá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé óùóôÜ ôï ðáñáðÜíù, èá ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷åôå
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé ôï õðüäåéãìá ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ <filename>ppp.conf</filename>
ôï ïðïßï ðáñÝ÷åôáé ìå ôï port <filename
role="package">net/pppoa</filename>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï mpd</title>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï <application>mpd</application> ãéá
íá óõíäåèåßôå óå Ýíá ðëÞèïò õðçñåóéþí, êáé åéäéêüôåñá õðçñåóßåò PPTP.
Ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå ôï <application>mpd</application> óôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí
Ports, óôï <filename role="package">net/mpd</filename>. ÐïëëÜ ADSL
modem áðáéôïýí ôç äçìéïõñãßá åíüò PPTP ôïýíåë ìåôáîý ôïõ modem êáé ôïõ
õðïëïãéóôÞ. ¸íá ôÝôïéï modem åßíáé ôï Alcatel &speedtouch;
Home.</para>
<para>Ðñþôá ðñÝðåé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï port, êáé ìåôÜ ìðïñåßôå íá
ñõèìßóåôå ôï <application>mpd</application> þóôå íá êáëýðôåé ôéò
áðáéôÞóåéò óáò êáé ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ ðáñï÷Ýá óáò. Ôï port åãêáèéóôÜ
êÜðïéá ðáñáäåßãìáôá áñ÷åßùí ñõèìßóåùí óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
class="directory"><replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable>/etc/mpd/</filename>.
Ôá áñ÷åßá áõôÜ ðåñéÝ÷ïõí áñêåôÜ êáëÞ ôåêìçñßùóç ôùí ñõèìßóåùí.
Óçìåéþóôå åäþ, üôé ôï <replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable> åßíáé ï
êáôÜëïãïò óôïí ïðïßï åãêáèßóôáíôáé ôá ports, êáé áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ åßíáé
ï <filename class="directory">/usr/local/</filename>. ÌåôÜ ôçí
åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ port, èá âñåßôå Ýíá ðëÞñç ïäçãü ãéá ôç ñýèìéóç ôïõ
<application>mpd</application> óå ìïñöÞ HTML. Ç ôåêìçñßùóç
åãêáèßóôáôáé óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
class="directory"><replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable>/share/doc/mpd/</filename>.
ÐáñáêÜôù öáßíåôáé Ýíá õðüäåéãìá ñõèìßóåùí ãéá óýíäåóç óå ìéá õðçñåóßá
ADSL ìÝóù ôïõ <application>mpd</application>. Ïé ñõèìßóåéò ÷ùñßæïíôáé
óå äýï áñ÷åßá, ðñþôá äåß÷íïõìå ôï
<filename>mpd.conf</filename>:</para>
<note>
<para>Ôï ðáñáêÜôù õðüäåéãìá <filename>mpd.conf</filename> ëåéôïõñãåß
ìüíï ìå ôçí Ýêäïóç 4.X ôïõ <application>mpd</application>.</para>
</note>
<programlisting>default:
load adsl
adsl:
new -i ng0 adsl adsl
set bundle authname <replaceable>username</replaceable> <co
id="co-mpd-ex-user"/>
set bundle password <replaceable>password</replaceable> <co
id="co-mpd-ex-pass"/>
set bundle disable multilink
set link no pap acfcomp protocomp
set link disable chap
set link accept chap
set link keep-alive 30 10
set ipcp no vjcomp
set ipcp ranges 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
set iface route default
set iface disable on-demand
set iface enable proxy-arp
set iface idle 0
open</programlisting>
<calloutlist>
<callout arearefs="co-mpd-ex-user">
<para>Ôï üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç ìå ôï ïðïßï ãßíåôáé ç ðéóôïðïßçóç óôïí
ISP óáò.</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="co-mpd-ex-pass">
<para>Ï êùäéêüò ìå ôïí ïðïßï ãßíåôáé ç ðéóôïðïßçóç óôïí ISP
óáò.</para>
</callout>
</calloutlist>
<para>Ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>mpd.links</filename> ðåñéÝ÷åé ðëçñïöïñßåò
ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôç óýíäåóç Þ ôéò óõíäÝóåéò ðïõ èá ðñáãìáôïðïéçèïýí. Ãéá
ðáñÜäåéãìá, ôï <filename>mpd.links</filename> ðïõ óõíïäåýåé ôï
ðáñáðÜíù ðáñÜäåéãìá, öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>adsl:
set link type pptp
set pptp mode active
set pptp enable originate outcall
set pptp self <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable> <co
id="co-mpd-ex-self"/>
set pptp peer <replaceable>10.0.0.138</replaceable> <co
id="co-mpd-ex-peer"/></programlisting>
<calloutlist>
<callout arearefs="co-mpd-ex-self">
<para>Ç äéåýèõíóç IP ôïõ &os; õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò, óôïí ïðïßï èá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï <application>mpd</application>.</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="co-mpd-ex-peer">
<para>Ç äéåýèõíóç IP ôïõ ADSL modem óáò. Ãéá ôï Alcatel
&speedtouch; Home, ç äéåýèõíóç áõôÞ åßíáé áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ ç <hostid
role="ipaddr">10.0.0.138</hostid>.</para>
</callout>
</calloutlist>
<para>Åßíáé äõíáôüí íá áñ÷éêïðïéÞóåôå ôç óýíäåóç åýêïëá, äßíïíôáò ôçí
ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ ùò <username>root</username>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mpd -b <replaceable>adsl</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá äåßôå ôçí êáôÜóôáóç ôçò óýíäåóçò ìå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù
åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ng0</replaceable></userinput>
ng0: flags=88d1<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 216.136.204.117 --> 204.152.186.171 netmask 0xffffffff</screen>
<para>Ôï <application>mpd</application> áðïôåëåß ôïí óõíéóôþìåíï ôñüðï
óýíäåóçò ôïõ &os; ìå ìéá õðçñåóßá ADSL.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï pptpclient</title>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï &os; ãéá íá óõíäåèåßôå óå
Üëëåò õðçñåóßåò PPPoA ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï
<filename role="package">net/pptpclient</filename>.</para>
<para>Ãéá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï <filename
role="package">net/pptpclient</filename> ãéá íá óõíäåèåßôå óå ìéá
õðçñåóßá DSL, åãêáôáóôÞóôå ôï port Þ ôï ðáêÝôï, êáé åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï
áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>. Èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá åßóôå
<username>root</username> ãéá íá êÜíåôå êáé ôéò äýï ðáñáðÜíù
äéáäéêáóßåò. ÐáñáêÜôù öáßíåôáé Ýíá ðáñÜäåéãìá ìéáò åíüôçôáò ôïõ
<filename>ppp.conf</filename>. Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ
ìå ôéò åðéëïãÝò ôïõ <filename>ppp.conf</filename>, äåßôå ôç óåëßäá
manual ôïõ <application>ppp</application>, &man.ppp.8;.</para>
<programlisting>adsl:
set log phase chat lcp ipcp ccp tun command
set timeout 0
enable dns
set authname <replaceable>username</replaceable> <co id="co-pptp-ex-user"/>
set authkey <replaceable>password</replaceable> <co id="co-pptp-ex-pass"/>
set ifaddr 0 0
add default HISADDR</programlisting>
<calloutlist>
<callout arearefs="co-pptp-ex-user">
<para>Ôï üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç ãéá ôïí ëïãáñéáóìü óáò óôïí ðáñï÷Ýá
DSL.</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="co-pptp-ex-pass">
<para>Ï êùäéêüò ãéá ôïí ëïãáñéáóìü óáò.</para>
</callout>
</calloutlist>
<warning>
<para>Êáèþò èá ðñÝðåé íá ãñÜøåôå ôïí êùäéêü óáò ìïñöÞ áðëïý êåéìÝíïõ
óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>ppp.conf</filename>, èá ðñÝðåé íá âåâáéùèåßôå
üôé êáíÝíáò Üëëïò äåí èá ìðïñåß íá äéáâÜóåé ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá áõôïý
ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ. Ìå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÝò, ìðïñåßôå íá åîáóöáëßóåôå
üôé ôï áñ÷åßï èá ìðïñåß íá äéáâáóôåß ìüíï ìÝóá áðü ôï ëïãáñéáóìü
ôïõ <username>root</username>. Äåßôå ôéò óåëßäåò manual ôùí
&man.chmod.1; êáé &man.chown.8; ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chown root:wheel /etc/ppp/ppp.conf</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 600 /etc/ppp/ppp.conf</userinput></screen>
</warning>
<para>Áõôü èá áíïßîåé Ýíá ôïýíåë ãéá ìéá óõíåäñßá PPP ìå ôïí DSL
äñïìïëïãçôÞ óáò. Ôá DSL modem ôýðïõ ethernet Ý÷ïõí ìéá ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíç
äéåýèõíóç IP óôï ôïðéêü óáò äßêôõï, óôçí ïðïßá ìðïñåßôå íá óõíäåèåßôå.
Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç ôïõ Alcatel &speedtouch; Home, ç äéåýèõíóç áõôÞ åßíáé
<hostid role="ipaddr">10.0.0.138</hostid>. Ç ôåêìçñßùóç ðïõ äéáèÝôåé
ï äñïìïëïãçôÞò óáò, èá áíáöÝñåé ðïéá äéåýèõíóç ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ç óõóêåõÞ
óáò. Ãéá íá áíïßîåôå ôï ôïýíåë êáé íá îåêéíÞóåôå ìéá óõíåäñßá PPP,
åêôåëÝóôå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pptp <replaceable>address</replaceable> <replaceable>adsl</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<tip>
<para>Åßíáé êáëÞ éäÝá íá ðñïóèÝóåôå Ýíá <quote>&</quote> óôï ôÝëïò
ôçò ðñïçãïýìåíçò åíôïëÞò, äéáöïñåôéêÜ ôï
<application>pptp</application> äåí èá óáò åðéóôñÝøåé ôïí Ýëåã÷ï
(ðñïôñïðÞ) ôïõ ôåñìáôéêïý óáò.</para>
</tip>
<para>Èá äçìéïõñãçèåß ìéá óõóêåõÞ <devicename>tun</devicename>
(åéêïíéêü ôïýíåë) ãéá ôçí áëëçëåðßäñáóç ìåôáîý ôùí äéåñãáóéþí
<application>pptp</application> êáé <application>ppp</application>.
Ìüëéò åðéóôñÝøåé ç ðñïôñïðÞ óôï ôåñìáôéêü óáò, Þ ôï
<application>pptp</application> åðéâåâáéþóåé ôç óýíäåóç, ìðïñåßôå íá
åîåôÜóåôå ôï ôïýíåë ìå ôïí ôñüðï ðïõ öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>tun0</replaceable></userinput>
tun0: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 216.136.204.21 --> 204.152.186.171 netmask 0xffffff00
Opened by PID 918</screen>
<para>Áí äåí ìðïñÝóåôå íá óõíäåèåßôå, åëÝãîôå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ
äñïìïëïãçôÞ óáò, ïé ïðïßåò óõíÞèùò åßíáé ðñïóâÜóéìåò ìÝóù
<application>telnet</application> Þ ìÝóù êÜðïéïõ öõëëïìåôñçôÞ.
Áí áêüìá äåí ìðïñåßôå íá óõíäåèåßôå, èá ðñÝðåé íá åîåôÜóåôå ôçí Ýîïäï
ôçò åíôïëÞò <command>pptp</command> êáé ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ
êáôáãñáöÞò ôïõ <application>ppp</application>,
<filename>/var/log/ppp.log</filename> ãéá ðéèáíÜ óôïé÷åßá.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="slip">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Satoshi</firstname>
<surname>Asami</surname>
<contrib>Áñ÷éêÞ óõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Guy</firstname>
<surname>Helmer</surname>
<contrib>Ìå ôç âïÞèåéá ôùí </contrib>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Piero</firstname>
<surname>Serini</surname>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï SLIP</title>
<indexterm><primary>SLIP</primary></indexterm>
<warning>
<para>Ç åíüôçôá áõôÞ åöáñìüæåôáé êáé åßíáé Ýãêõñç ìüíï óå óõóôÞìáôá
&os; 7.X.</para>
</warning>
<sect2 id="slipc">
<title>Ñõèìßæïíôáò Ýíá ÐåëÜôç SLIP</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>SLIP</primary>
<secondary>client</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>ÐáñáêÜôù ðáñïõóéÜæïõìå Ýíá ôñüðï íá ñõèìßóåôå Ýíá ìç÷Üíçìá &os;
ùò ðåëÜôç SLIP óå Ýíá äßêôõï ìå óôáôéêÝò äéåõèýíóåéò. Ãéá ìç÷áíÞìáôá
ôá ïðïßá ëáìâÜíïõí üíïìá äõíáìéêÜ (ç äéåýèõíóç ôïõò áëëÜæåé êÜèå öïñÜ
ðïõ óõíäÝïíôáé), ðéèáíüí íá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá êÜíåôå ðéï ðïëýðëïêåò
ñõèìßóåéò.</para>
<para>Áñ÷éêÜ, èá ðñÝðåé íá êáèïñßóåôå óå ðïéá óåéñéáêÞ èýñá åßíáé
óõíäåìÝíï ôï modem óáò. Áñêåôïß ÷ñÞóôåò äçìéïõñãïýí Ýíá óõìâïëéêü
äåóìü ð.÷. <filename class="devicefile">/dev/modem</filename>, ôï
ïðïßï äåß÷íåé óôçí ðñáãìáôéêÞ óõóêåõÞ <filename
class="devicefile">/dev/cuad<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>.
Áõôü óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá óõíå÷ßóåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôï ßäéï üíïìá
óõóêåõÞò, áêüìá êáé áí ìåôáêéíÞóåôå ôï modem óå äéáöïñåôéêÞ èýñá.
Åßíáé ìÜëëïí Üâïëï íá ðñÝðåé íá áëëÜîåôå ðëÞèïò áñ÷åßùí óôï
<filename class="directory">/etc</filename> êáèþò êáé ôá áñ÷åßá
<filename>.kermrc</filename> óå üëï ôï óýóôçìá!</para>
<note>
<para>Ôï <filename class="devicefile">/dev/cuad0</filename>
åßíáé ç <devicename>COM1</devicename>, ôï <filename
class="devicefile">/dev/cuad1</filename> åßíáé ç
<devicename>COM2</devicename>, ê.ï.ê.</para>
</note>
<para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ ðõñÞíá óáò ðåñéÝ÷åé ôá
ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>device sl</programlisting>
<para>Ôï ðáñáðÜíù ðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé óôïí ðõñÞíá
<filename>GENERIC</filename>, êáé áí äåí ôï Ý÷åôå äéáãñÜøåé, äåí èá
Ý÷åôå ðñüâëçìá.</para>
<sect3>
<title>Ñõèìßóåéò ðïõ èá ×ñåéáóôåß íá ÊÜíåôå Ìüíï ìéá ÖïñÜ</title>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>ÐñïóèÝóôå ôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò, ôçí ðýëç (gateway) êáé ôïõò
äéáêïìéóôÝò ïíïìÜôùí (nameservers) óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename>. Óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò, ôï áñ÷åßï
áõôü ìïéÜæåé ìå ôï ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>127.0.0.1 localhost loghost
136.152.64.181 water.CS.Example.EDU water.CS water
136.152.64.1 inr-3.CS.Example.EDU inr-3 slip-gateway
128.32.136.9 ns1.Example.EDU ns1
128.32.136.12 ns2.Example.EDU ns2</programlisting>
</step>
<step>
<para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ç åíüôçôá <literal>files</literal>
âñßóêåôáé ðñéí ôï <literal>dns</literal> óôçí åíüôçôá
<literal>hosts:</literal> ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ
<filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename>. Áí äåí õðÜñ÷ïõí
áõôÝò ïé ðáñÜìåôñïé, ìðïñåß íá åìöáíéóôïýí ðáñÜîåíá
óõìðôþìáôá.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÔñïðïðïéÞóôå ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Ïñßóôå ôï üíïìá ôïõ õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò, ôñïðïðïéþíôáò ôç
ãñáììÞ ðïõ ãñÜöåé:</para>
<programlisting>hostname="myname.my.domain"</programlisting>
<para>Èá ðñÝðåé åäþ íá ôïðïèåôÞóåôå ôï ðëÞñåò üíïìá ôïõ
õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<indexterm><primary>default route</primary></indexterm>
<para>Ïñßóôå ôïí ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï äñïìïëïãçôÞ, áëëÜæïíôáò ôç
ãñáììÞ:</para>
<programlisting>defaultrouter="NO"</programlisting>
<para>óå:</para>
<programlisting>defaultrouter="slip-gateway"</programlisting>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> ôï ïðïßï èá
ðåñéÝ÷åé:</para>
<programlisting>domain CS.Example.EDU
nameserver 128.32.136.9
nameserver 128.32.136.12</programlisting>
<indexterm><primary>nameserver</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>domain name</primary></indexterm>
<para>¼ðùò ìðïñåßôå íá äåßôå, ôï ðáñáðÜíù ïñßæåé ôïõò äéáêïìéóôÝò
DNS. ÖõóéêÜ, ôá ðñáãìáôéêÜ ïíüìáôá êáé ïé äéåõèýíóåéò ôùí
ôïìÝùí åîáñôþíôáé áðü ôï ðåñéâÜëëïí óáò.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Ñõèìßóôå êùäéêü ðñüóâáóçò ãéá ôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò
<username>root</username> êáé
<username>toor</username> (êáèþò êáé ãéá üóïõò Üëëïõò
ëïãáñéáóìïýò äåí Ý÷ïõí êùäéêü).</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÅðáíåêêéíÞóôå ôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò, êáé âåâáéùèåßôå üôé Ý÷åé
ôåèåß óùóôÜ ôï üíïìá õðïëïãéóôÞ.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Äçìéïõñãþíôáò ìéá Óýíäåóç SLIP</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>SLIP</primary>
<secondary>connecting with</secondary>
</indexterm>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>ÌåôÜ ôçí êëÞóç, ãñÜøôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>slip</command>
óôçí ðñïôñïðÞ, ãñÜøôå ôï üíïìá ôïõ ìç÷áíÞìáôïò óáò êáé ôïí
êùäéêü. Ôï ôé áêñéâþò ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ãñÜøåôå, åîáñôÜôáé áðü
ôï ðåñéâÜëëïí óáò. Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôï
<application>Kermit</application>, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
Ýíá script üðùò ôï áêüëïõèï:</para>
<programlisting># kermit setup
set modem hayes
set line /dev/modem
set speed 115200
set parity none
set flow rts/cts
set terminal bytesize 8
set file type binary
# The next macro will dial up and login
define slip dial 643-9600, input 10 =>, if failure stop, -
output slip\x0d, input 10 Username:, if failure stop, -
output silvia\x0d, input 10 Password:, if failure stop, -
output ***\x0d, echo \x0aCONNECTED\x0a</programlisting>
<para>ÖõóéêÜ, èá ðñÝðåé íá áëëÜîåôå ôï üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç êáé ôïí
êùäéêü þóôå íá ôáéñéÜæïõí ìå ôá äéêÜ óáò. ÌåôÜ áðü áõôü,
ìðïñåßôå áðëþò íá ðëçêôñïëïãÞóåôå <command>slip</command> óôçí
ðñïôñïðÞ óýíäåóçò ôïõ <application>Kermit</application>.</para>
<note>
<para>Ç ýðáñîç ôïõ êùäéêïý óáò óå ìïñöÞ áðëïý êåéìÝíïõ
óå ïðïéïäÞðïôå óçìåßï åíüò óõóôÞìáôïò áñ÷åßùí, åßíáé ãåíéêÜ
<emphasis>êáêÞ</emphasis> éäÝá. Ðñï÷ùñÞóôå ìå äéêÞ óáò
åõèýíç.</para>
</note>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÁöÞóôå ôï <application>Kermit</application> åêåß (ìðïñåßôå
íá ôï óôåßëåôå óôï ðáñáóêÞíéï ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôá ðëÞêôñá
<keycombo>
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>z</keycap>
</keycombo>) êáé ùò <username>root</username>, ãñÜøôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>slattach -h -c -s 115200 /dev/modem</userinput></screen>
<para>Áí ìðïñåßôå íá êÜíåôå <command>ping</command> óå õðïëïãéóôÝò
óôçí Üëëç ìåñéÜ ôïõ äñïìïëïãçôÞ, åßóôå óõíäåìÝíïé! Áí áõôü
äåí äïõëåýåé, äïêéìÜóôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
<option>-a</option> áíôß ãéá ôçí <option>-c</option> ùò üñéóìá
óôçí <command>slattach</command>.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Ðùò íá Ôåñìáôßóåôå ôçí Óýíäåóç</title>
<para>ÊÜíôå ôá áêüëïõèá:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kill -INT `cat /var/run/slattach.modem.pid`</userinput></screen>
<para>ãéá íá ôåñìáôßóåôå ôï <command>slattach</command>. Èõìçèåßôå
üôé ðñÝðåé íá åßóôå <username>root</username> ãéá íá åêôåëÝóåôå
ôï ðáñáðÜíù. ¸ðåéôá åðáíÝëèåôå óôï <command>kermit</command>
(åêôåëþíôáò ôçí <command>fg</command> áí ôï åß÷áôå óôåßëåé óôï
ðáñáóêÞíéï) êáé ôåñìáôßóôå ôï (ðéÝæïíôáò <keycap>q</keycap>).</para>
<para>Ç óåëßäá manual ôïõ &man.slattach.8; áíáöÝñåé üôé ìðïñåßôå íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>ifconfig sl0 down</command> ãéá
íá äéáêüøåôå ôç óýíäåóç, áëëÜ áõôü äåí öáßíåôáé íá Ý÷åé êáíÝíá
áðïôÝëåóìá. (To <command>ifconfig sl0</command> áíáöÝñåé ôï ßäéï
ðñÜãìá.)</para>
<para>ÌåñéêÝò öïñÝò, ôï modem óáò ìðïñåß íá áñíçèåß íá êëåßóåé ôç
ãñáììÞ. Óôéò ðåñéðôþóåéò áõôÝò, îåêéíÞóôå îáíÜ ôï
<command>kermit</command> êáé ôåñìáôßóôå ôï îáíÜ. Ôç äåýôåñç öïñÜ
óõíÞèùò ðåôõ÷áßíåé.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Áíôéìåôþðéóç ÐñïâëçìÜôùí</title>
<para>Áí ôï ðáñáðÜíù äåí ëåéôïõñãÞóåé, ñùôÞóôå óôç ëßóôá &a.net.name;.
ÌåñéêÜ áðü ôá óõíçèéóìÝíá ðñïâëÞìáôá ôá ïðïßá Ý÷ïõìå ìÝ÷ñé óôéãìÞò
áíôéìåôùðßóåé:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Íá ìçí Ý÷åé ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ç åðéëïãÞ <option>-c</option>
Þ <option>-a</option> óôçí <command>slattach</command> (Áõôü
êáíïíéêÜ äåí åßíáé êñßóéìï óöÜëìá, áëëÜ ìåñéêïß ÷ñÞóôåò
áíÝöåñáí üôé áõôü Ýëõóå ôá ðñïâëÞìáôá ôïõò.)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>×ñÞóç ôïõ <option>s10</option> áíôß ãéá
<option>sl0</option> (ç äéáöïñÜ ìðïñåß íá åßíáé ðïëý ìéêñÞ
óå ìåñéêÝò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÄïêéìÜóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>ifconfig sl0</command> ãéá íá
äåßôå ôçí êáôÜóôáóç ôçò äéåðáöÞò. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ìðïñåß íá
äåßôå ôï ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig sl0</userinput>
sl0: flags=10<POINTOPOINT>
inet 136.152.64.181 --> 136.152.64.1 netmask ffffff00</screen>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Áí ç åíôïëÞ &man.ping.8; äßíåé ìçíýìáôá
<errorname>no route to host</errorname>, ßóùò õðÜñ÷åé ðñüâëçìá
ìå ôïí ðßíáêá äñïìïëüãçóçò óáò. Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>netstat -r</command> ãéá íá äåßôå ôçí
ôñÝ÷ïõóá äñïìïëüãçóç:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>netstat -r</userinput>
Routing tables
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use IfaceMTU Rtt Netmasks:
(root node)
(root node)
Route Tree for Protocol Family inet:
(root node) =>
default inr-3.Example.EDU UG 8 224515 sl0 - -
localhost.Exampl localhost.Example. UH 5 42127 lo0 - 0.438
inr-3.Example.ED water.CS.Example.E UH 1 0 sl0 - -
water.CS.Example localhost.Example. UGH 34 47641234 lo0 - 0.438
(root node)</screen>
<para>Ôá ðáñáðÜíù ðáñáäåßãìáôá åßíáé áðü Ýíá ó÷åôéêÜ áðáó÷ïëçìÝíï
óýóôçìá. Ïé áñéèìïß èá äéáöÝñïõí óôï óýóôçìá óáò, áíÜëïãá ìå
ôç äñáóôçñéüôçôá ôïõ äéêôýïõ.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="slips">
<title>Ñõèìßæïíôáò ¸íá ÅîõðçñåôçôÞ SLIP</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>SLIP</primary>
<secondary>server</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôï êåßìåíï áõôü ðáñÝ÷åé êÜðïéåò õðïäåßîåéò ãéá ôç ñýèìéóç åíüò
&os; óõóôÞìáôïò ùò åîõðçñåôçôÞ SLIP. ÔõðéêÜ áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé ôï
óýóôçìá óáò èá ñõèìéóôåß íá îåêéíÜ áõôüìáôá ôéò óõíäÝóåéò ìåôÜ ôçí
åßóïäï áðïìáêñõóìÝíùí ðåëáôþí SLIP.</para>
<!-- Disclaimer is not necessarily relevant
<para> The author has written this document based
on his experience; however, as your system and needs may be
different, this document may not answer all of your questions, and
the author cannot be responsible if you damage your system or lose
data due to attempting to follow the suggestions here.</para>
-->
<sect3 id="slips-prereqs">
<title>ÐñïûðïèÝóåéò</title>
<indexterm><primary>TCP/IP networking</primary></indexterm>
<para>Ç åíüôçôá áõôÞ åßíáé éäéáßôåñá ôå÷íéêÞò öýóåùò, êáé ãéá ôï ëüãï
áõôü áðáéôåßôáé íá Ý÷åôå ôéò áíôßóôïé÷åò ãíþóåéò ãéá íá ôçí
êáôáíïÞóåôå. ÕðïèÝôïõìå üôé Ý÷åôå ìéá åîïéêåßùóç ìå ôï ðñùôüêïëëï
TCP/IP êáé åéäéêüôåñá ìå ôç äéåõèõíóéïäüôçóç êüìâùí, ôéò ìÜóêåò
äéêôýùí, ôá õðïäßêôõá, ôç äñïìïëüãçóç êáé ôá ðñùôüêïëëá
äñïìïëüãçóçò üðùò ôï RIP. Ç ñýèìéóç ôùí õðçñåóéþí SLIP óå Ýíá
åîõðçñåôçôÞ åðéëïãéêþí óõíäÝóåùí áðáéôåß ãíþóç áõôþí ôùí åííïéþí,
êáé áí äåí åßóôå åîïéêåéùìÝíïò ìå áõôÝò, óáò ðáñáêáëïýìå íá
äéáâÜóåôå åßôå ôï <emphasis>TCP/IP Network Administration</emphasis>
ôïõ Craig Hunt (åêäüóåéò O'Reilly & Associates, Inc, Áñéèìüò
ISBN 0-937175-82-X) Þ êÜðïéï áðü ôá âéâëßá ôïõ Douglas Comer ó÷åôéêÜ
ìå ôï ðñùôüêïëëï TCP/IP.</para>
<indexterm><primary>modem</primary></indexterm>
<para>ÅðéðëÝïí, õðïèÝôïõìå üôé Þäç Ý÷åôå ñõèìßóåé ôï modem óáò êáé
Ý÷åôå ôñïðïðïéÞóåé ôá êáôÜëëçëá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò
þóôå íá åðéôñÝðåôáé ç åßóïäïò óôï óýóôçìá ìÝóù ôùí modem. Áí äåí
Ý÷åôå áêüìá ðñïåôïéìÜóåé ôï óýóôçìá ãéá áõôü, ðáñáêáëïýìå äåßôå ôï
<xref linkend="dialup"/> ãéá ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôç ñýèìéóç ôùí
åðéëïãéêþí óõíäÝóåùí. Åíäå÷ïìÝíùò íá èÝëåôå åðßóçò íá äåßôå ôéò
óåëßäåò manual ôçò &man.sio.4; ãéá ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï
ðñüãñáììá ïäÞãçóçò ôçò óåéñéáêÞò èýñáò, ôá &man.ttys.5;,
&man.gettytab.5;, &man.getty.8;, êáé &man.init.8; ãéá ðëçñïöïñßåò
ðïõ ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôç ñýèìéóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò þóôå íá äÝ÷åôáé åßóïäï
÷ñçóôþí ìÝóù modem, êáé ßóùò êáé ôç &man.stty.1; ãéá ðëçñïöïñßåò
ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôéò ðáñáìÝôñïõò óåéñéáêþí èõñþí (üðùò ôçí
<literal>clocal</literal> ãéá óåéñéáêÝò äéåðáöÝò ðïõ åßíáé áðåõèåßáò
óõíäåìÝíåò).</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ÃñÞãïñç Åðéóêüðçóç</title>
<para>ÔõðéêÜ, Ýíáò åîõðçñåôçôÞò SLIP ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß &os; ëåéôïõñãåß
ìå ôïí åîÞò ôñüðï: Ýíáò ÷ñÞóôçò SLIP êáëåß ôïí
åîõðçñåôçôÞ SLIP, êáé åéóÝñ÷åôáé óôï óýóôçìá ìÝóù åíüò åéäéêïý
áíáãíùñéóôéêïý åéóüäïõ ãéá ôï SLIP. Ôï êÝëõöïò ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç åßíáé ôï
<filename>/usr/sbin/sliplogin</filename>. Ôï ðñüãñáììá
<command>sliplogin</command> äéáâÜæåé ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts</filename> ãéá íá âñåé ìéá ãñáììÞ
ðïõ íá ôáéñéÜæåé ìå ôïí ÷ñÞóôç, êáé áí õðÜñ÷åé, óõíäÝåé ôçí óåéñéáêÞ
ãñáììÞ óå ìéá äéáèÝóéìç äéåðáöÞ SLIP êáé Ýðåéôá åêôåëåß ôï script
ôïõ êåëýöïõò <filename>/etc/sliphome/slip.login</filename> ãéá íá
ñõèìßóåé ôç äéåðáöÞ SLIP.</para>
<sect4>
<title>¸íá ÐáñÜäåéãìá Åéóüäïõ óå ÅîõðçñåôçôÞ SLIP</title>
<para>Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ãéá Ýíá ÷ñÞóôç SLIP ìå ID
<username>Shelmerg</username>, ç áíôßóôïé÷ç êáôá÷þñéóç óôï
<filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename> èá Ýìïéáæå ìå ôçí
ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>Shelmerg:password:1964:89::0:0:Guy Helmer - SLIP:/usr/users/Shelmerg:/usr/sbin/sliplogin</programlisting>
<para>¼ôáí åéóÝëèåé ï <username>Shelmerg</username>, ôï
<command>sliplogin</command> èá øÜîåé ôï
<filename>/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts</filename> ãéá ìéá ãñáììÞ ìå
ID ÷ñÞóôç ðïõ íá ôáéñéÜæåé. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ìðïñåß íá õðÜñ÷åé
ìéá ãñáììÞ óôï <filename>/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts</filename> ðïõ
íá ãñÜöåé:</para>
<programlisting>Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmer 0xfffffc00 autocomp</programlisting>
<para>Ôï <command>sliplogin</command> èá âñåé ôç ãñáììÞ áõôÞ,
èá óõíäÝóåé ôç óåéñéáêÞ ãñáììÞ óôçí åðüìåíç äéáèÝóéìç äéåðáöÞ
SLIP, êáé Ýðåéôá èá åêôåëÝóåé ôï
<filename>/etc/sliphome/slip.login</filename> üðùò öáßíåôáé
ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>/etc/sliphome/slip.login 0 19200 Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmer 0xfffffc00 autocomp</programlisting>
<para>Áí üëá ðÜíå êáëÜ, ôï
<filename>/etc/sliphome/slip.login</filename> èá åêôåëÝóåé
ìéá åíôïëÞ <command>ifconfig</command> ãéá ôç äéåðáöÞ SLIP
óôçí ïðïßá Ý÷åé óõíäåèåß ç <command>sliplogin</command> (ç äéåðáöÞ
0 óôï ðáñáðÜíù ðáñÜäåéãìá, ç ðñþôç ðáñÜìåôñïò ôçò ëßóôáò ðïõ
äßíåôáé óôï <filename>slip.login</filename>) þóôå íá ñõèìéóôïýí
ç ôïðéêÞ äéåýèõíóç IP (<hostid>dc-slip</hostid>), ç
áðïìáêñõóìÝíç äéåýèõíóç IP (<hostid>sl-helmer</hostid>), ç ìÜóêá
äéêôýïõ ãéá ôç äéåðáöÞ SLIP (<hostid
role="netmask">0xfffffc00</hostid>), êáé ïðïéåóäÞðïôå ðñüóèåôåò
åðéëïãÝò (<literal>autocomp</literal>). Áí êÜôé ðÜåé óôñáâÜ,
èá ìðïñÝóåôå íá ôï åíôïðßóåôå áðü ôá áñ÷åßá êáôáãñáöÞò ôçò
<command>sliplogin</command>. Ç <command>sliplogin</command>
êáôáãñÜöåé ôá ìçíýìáôá ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï äáßìïíá
<application>syslogd</application> ï ïðïßïò óõíÞèùò ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß
ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/var/log/messages</filename> (äåßôå ôéò
óåëßäåò âïÞèåéáò ãéá ôá &man.syslogd.8; êáé &man.syslog.conf.5;
êáé åíäå÷ïìÝíùò åëÝãîôå ôï <filename>/etc/syslog.conf</filename>
ãéá íá äåßôå ôçí ôïðïèåóßá êáé ôï áñ÷åßï ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï
<application>syslogd</application> ãéá ôçí êáôáãñáöÞ).</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ ÐõñÞíá</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>kernel</primary>
<secondary>configuration</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>SLIP</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíïò ðõñÞíáò ôïõ &os;
(ï <filename>GENERIC</filename>) äéáèÝôåé åíóùìáôùìÝíç õðïóôÞñéîç
SLIP (&man.sl.4;). Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ èÝëåôå íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå
ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá, ðñïóèÝóôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ óôï áñ÷åßï
ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ ðõñÞíá óáò:</para>
<programlisting>device sl</programlisting>
<para>Ôï &os;, áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ, äåí ðñïùèåß ðáêÝôá. Áí èÝëåôå ï
åîõðçñåôçôÞò óáò íá åíåñãåß ùò äñïìïëïãçôÞò, èá ðñÝðåé íá
åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> êáé íá
áëëÜîåôå ôç ñýèìéóç ôçò ìåôáâëçôÞò <literal>gateway_enable</literal>
óå <option>YES</option>. Ìå ôïí ôñüðï áõôü, èá åßíáé óßãïõñï üôé
ç åðéëïãÞ ôçò äñïìïëüãçóçò èá äéáôçñçèåß ìåôÜ áðü ìéá
åðáíåêêßíçóç.</para>
<para>Èá ðñÝðåé Ýðåéôá íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ãéá íá åíåñãïðïéçèïýí ïé
íÝåò ñõèìßóåéò.</para>
<para>Ãéá íá åöáñìüóåôå áõôÝò ôéò ñõèìßóåéò Üìåóá, ìðïñåßôå íá
åêôåëÝóåôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ ùò <username>root</username>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; /etc/rc.d/routing start</screen>
<para>Ðáñáêáëïýìå äåßôå ôï <xref linkend="kernelconfig"/> ãéá
ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí ñýèìéóç ôïõ ðõñÞíá ôïõ
&os;.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ Sliplogin</title>
<para>¼ðùò áíáöÝñèçêå êáé ðñéí, õðÜñ÷ïõí ôñßá áñ÷åßá óôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename class="directory">/etc/sliphome</filename> ôá ïðïßá
÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé óôç ñýèìéóç ôïõ
<filename>/usr/sbin/sliplogin</filename> (äåßôå êáé ôç óåëßäá
manual ôïõ &man.sliplogin.8;): ôï <filename>slip.hosts</filename>,
ôï ïðïßï ïñßæåé ôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò SLIP êáé ôéò áíôßóôïé÷åò IP äéåõèýíóåéò
ôïõò, ôï <filename>slip.login</filename> ôï ïðïßï óõíÞèùò ñõèìßæåé
áðëÜ ôçí äéåðáöÞ SLIP, êáé ðñïáéñåôéêÜ ôï
<filename>slip.logout</filename>, ôï ïðïßï áíáéñåß ôéò áëëáãÝò ôïõ
<filename>slip.login</filename> üôáí ôåñìáôßóåé ç óåéñéáêÞ
óýíäåóç.</para>
<sect4>
<title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ <filename>slip.hosts</filename></title>
<para>Ôï <filename>/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts</filename> ðåñéÝ÷åé
ãñáììÝò ìå ôÝóóåñá ðåäßá ðïõ ÷ùñßæïíôáé ìåôáîý ôïõò ìå êåíÜ
äéáóôÞìáôá:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Ôï áíáãíùñéóôéêü åéóüäïõ ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç SLIP</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ôçí ôïðéêÞ äéåýèõíóç (ôïðéêÞ ùò ðñïò ôïí åîõðçñåôçôÞ
SLIP) ôçò äéáóýíäåóçò SLIP</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ôçí áðïìáêñõóìÝíç äéåýèõíóç ôçò äéáóýíäåóçò SLIP</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ôç ìÜóêá ôïõ äéêôýïõ</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Ç ôïðéêÞ êáé ç áðïìáêñõóìÝíç äéåýèõíóç, ìðïñåß íá åßíáé
ïíüìáôá õðïëïãéóôþí (ôá ïðïßá íá ìåôáôñÝðïíôáé óå äéåõèýíóåéò IP
ìÝóù ôïõ <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> Þ ìÝóù ôïõ DNS, áíÜëïãá
ìå ôéò êáôá÷ùñßóåéò ðïõ õðÜñ÷ïõí óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename>), êáé ç ìÜóêá äéêôýïõ
ìðïñåß íá åßíáé Ýíá üíïìá ôï ïðïßï íá ìðïñåß íá äéåõêñéíéóôåß ìÝóù
áíáæÞôçóçò óôï <filename>/etc/networks</filename>. Óå Ýíá
äïêéìáóôéêü óýóôçìá, ôï
<filename>/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts</filename> ìïéÜæåé ìå ôï
ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>#
# login local-addr remote-addr mask opt1 opt2
# (normal,compress,noicmp)
#
Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmerg 0xfffffc00 autocomp</programlisting>
<para>Óôï ôÝëïò ôçò ãñáììÞò, âñßóêïíôáé ìéá Þ ðåñéóóüôåñåò áðü ôéò
ðáñáêÜôù åðéëïãÝò:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><option>normal</option> — ÷ùñßò óõìðßåóç ôùí
åðéêåöáëßäùí</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><option>compress</option> — ìå óõìðßåóç ôùí
åðéêåöáëßäùí</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><option>autocomp</option> — ìå óõìðßåóç ôùí
åðéêåöáëßäùí, áí åðéôñÝðåôáé áðü ôïí áðïìáêñõóìÝíï
õðïëïãéóôÞ</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><option>noicmp</option> — áðåíåñãïðïßçóç ôùí
ðáêÝôùí ICMP (ìå ôïí ôñüðï áõôü ôá ðáêÝôá <quote>ping</quote>
èá áðïññßðôïíôáé áíôß íá êáôáíáëþíïõí ôï åýñïò æþíçò ôçò
óýíäåóçò óáò)</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<indexterm><primary>SLIP</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>TCP/IP networking</primary></indexterm>
<para>Ïé åðéëïãÝò ðïõ Ý÷åôå ãéá ôéò ôïðéêÝò êáé áðïìáêñõóìÝíåò
äéåõèýíóåéò ôùí SLIP óõíäÝóåùí óáò, åîáñôþíôáé áðü ôï áí ðñüêåéôáé
íá áöéåñþóåôå Ýíá õðïäßêôõï TCP/IP Þ áí ðñüêåéôáé íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå <quote>proxy ARP</quote> óôï SLIP åîõðçñåôçôÞ óáò
(äåí åßíáé <quote>ðñáãìáôéêü</quote> proxy ARP, áëëÜ óôçí åíüôçôá
áõôÞ ðåñéãñÜöåôáé ìå áõôü ôïí üñï). Áí äåí åßóôå óßãïõñïò ðïéá
ìÝèïäï íá åðéëÝîåôå Þ ðùò íá áðïäßäåôå äéåõèýíóåéò IP, ðáñáêáëïýìå
áíáôñÝîôå óôá âéâëßá ôïõ TCP/IP ðïõ áíáöÝñïíôáé óôéò
ÐñïûðïèÝóåéò SLIP (<xref linkend="slips-prereqs"/>) Þ/êáé
óõìâïõëåõèåßôå ôï äéá÷åéñéóôÞ äéêôýïõ óáò.</para>
<para>Áí ðñüêåéôáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå îå÷ùñéóôü õðïäßêôõï ãéá ôïõò
SLIP ðåëÜôåò óáò, èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá äéáèÝóåôå ôïí áñéèìü õðïäéêôýïõ
áðü ôçí äéåýèõíóç IP ðïõ óáò Ý÷åé áðïäïèåß êáé íá áðïäþóåôå óôïõò
ðåëÜôåò SLIP äéåõèýíóåéò ðïõ áíÞêïõí óå áõôü ôï õðïäßêôõï.
¸ðåéôá, èá ÷ñåéáóôåß ìÜëëïí íá êáèïñßóåôå ìéá óôáôéêÞ äéáäñïìÞ
óôï õðïäßêôõï SLIP ìÝóù ôïõ åîõðçñåôçôÞ SLIP óôïí êïíôéíüôåñï
óáò äñïìïëïãçôÞ IP.</para>
<indexterm><primary>Ethernet</primary></indexterm>
<para>ÄéáöïñåôéêÜ, áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôç ìÝèïäï
<quote>proxy ARP</quote>, èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá áðïäßäåôå óôïõò SLIP
ðåëÜôåò óáò äéåõèýíóåéò IP ðïõ áíÞêïõí óôï õðïäßêôõï Ethernet
óôï ïðïßï áíÞêåé ï åîõðçñåôçôÞò SLIP, êáé èá ÷ñåéáóôåß åðßóçò
íá ñõèìßóåôå ôá scripts
<filename>/etc/sliphome/slip.login</filename> êáé
<filename>/etc/sliphome/slip.logout</filename> íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí
ôï &man.arp.8; ãéá íá ÷åéñßæïíôáé ôéò êáôá÷ùñßóåéò
<quote>proxy ARP</quote> óôïí ðßíáêá ARP ôïõ åîõðçñåôçôÞ
SLIP.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ <filename>slip.login</filename></title>
<para>¸íá ôõðéêü <filename>/etc/sliphome/slip.login</filename>
ìïéÜæåé ìå ôï ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>#!/bin/sh -
#
# @(#)slip.login 5.1 (Berkeley) 7/1/90
#
# generic login file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with
# the parameters:
# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n
# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args
#
/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 inet $4 $5 netmask $6</programlisting>
<para>Ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>slip.login</filename> åêôåëåß áðëþò ôï
<command>ifconfig</command> ãéá ôçí êáôÜëëçëç äéåðáöÞ SLIP, ìå
ôéò ôïðéêÝò êáé áðïìáêñõóìÝíåò äéåõèýíóåéò êáé ôç ìÜóêá äéêôýïõ
ôçò äéåðáöÞò áõôÞò.</para>
<para>Áí Ý÷åôå áðïöáóßóåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí ìÝèïäï
<quote>proxy ARP</quote> (áíôß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå äéáöïñåôéêü
õðïäßêôõï ãéá ôïõò ðåëÜôåò SLIP), ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/sliphome/slip.login</filename> èá ìïéÜæåé ìå ôï
ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>#!/bin/sh -
#
# @(#)slip.login 5.1 (Berkeley) 7/1/90
#
# generic login file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with
# the parameters:
# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n
# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args
#
/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 inet $4 $5 netmask $6
# Answer ARP requests for the SLIP client with our Ethernet addr
/usr/sbin/arp -s $5 00:11:22:33:44:55 pub</programlisting>
<para>Ç ðñüóèåôç ãñáììÞ óå áõôü ôï
<filename>slip.login</filename>, ç <command>arp -s
$5 00:11:22:33:44:55 pub</command>, äçìéïõñãåß ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç
ARP óôïí ðßíáêá ARP ôïõ åîõðçñåôçôÞ SLIP. ÁõôÞ ç êáôá÷þñéóç ARP
êÜíåé ôïí åîõðçñåôçôÞ SLIP íá áðáíôÜ ìå ôçí äéåýèõíóç Ethernet
MAC üôáí êÜðïéïò Üëëïò êüìâïò IP óôï Ethernet åðéèõìåß íá
åðéêïéíùíÞóåé ìå ôçí äéåýèõíóç IP ôïõ ðåëÜôç SLIP.</para>
<indexterm>
<primary>Ethernet</primary>
<secondary>MAC address</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>¼ôáí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôï ðáñáðÜíù ðáñÜäåéãìá, âåâáéùèåßôå üôé
Ý÷åôå áíôéêáôáóôÞóåé ôçí äéåýèõíóç MAC ôïõ Ethernet (<hostid
role="mac">00:11:22:33:44:55</hostid>) ìå ôçí áíôßóôïé÷ç ôçò
äéêÞò óáò êÜñôáò Ethernet, äéáöïñåôéêÜ ôï <quote>proxy ARP</quote>
óßãïõñá äåí èá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé! Ìðïñåßôå íá áíáêáëýøåôå ôç äéåýèõíóç
MAC ôïõ äéêïý óáò åîõðçñåôçôÞ SLIP êïéôÜæïíôáò ôá áðïôåëÝóìáôá ôçò
åíôïëÞò <command>netstat -i</command>. Ç äåýôåñç ãñáììÞ ôçò
åîüäïõ èá ìïéÜæåé ìå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>ed0 1500 <Link>0.2.c1.28.5f.4a 191923 0 129457 0 116</screen>
<para>Áõôü äåß÷íåé üôé óôï óõãêåêñéìÝíï óýóôçìá ç äéåýèõíóç MAC ôïõ
Ethernet åßíáé <hostid role="mac">00:02:c1:28:5f:4a</hostid>.
Ïé ôåëåßåò óôçí äéåýèõíóç ðïõ äåß÷íåé ç
<command>netstat -i</command> ðñÝðåé íá áíôéêáôáóôáèïýí ìå
Üíù-êÜôù ôåëåßåò, êáé êÜèå ìïíü äåêáåîáäéêü øçößï ðñÝðåé íá
ìåôáôñáðåß óå äéðëü ðñïóèÝôïíôáò áðü ìðñïóôÜ Ýíá ìçäåíéêü.
Ç äéåýèõíóç ìåôáôñÝðåôáé ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï óå ìéá ìïñöÞ ðïõ
ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé ç &man.arp.8;. Äåßôå ôç óåëßäá manual
ôçò &man.arp.8; ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç
ôçò åíôïëÞò áõôÞò.</para>
<note>
<para>¼ôáí äçìéïõñãåßôå ôï
<filename>/etc/sliphome/slip.login</filename> êáé ôï
<filename>/etc/sliphome/slip.logout</filename>, èá ðñÝðåé íá
èÝóåôå ôï bit <quote>åêôÝëåóçò</quote> (ð.÷.
<command>chmod 755 /etc/sliphome/slip.login
/etc/sliphome/slip.logout</command>), äéáöïñåôéêÜ ç
<command>sliplogin</command> äåí èá ìðïñåß íá ôá
åêôåëÝóåé.</para>
</note>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ <filename>slip.logout</filename></title>
<para>Ôï <filename>/etc/sliphome/slip.logout</filename> äåí åßíáé
áðüëõôá áðáñáßôçôï (åêôüò áí ðñüêåéôáé íá õëïðïéÞóåôå
<quote>proxy ARP</quote>), áëëÜ áí óêïðåýåôå íá ôï äçìéïõñãÞóåôå,
ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ùò õðüäåéãìá ôï ðáñáêÜôù áðëü
ðáñÜäåéãìá:</para>
<programlisting>#!/bin/sh -
#
# slip.logout
#
# logout file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with
# the parameters:
# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n
# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args
#
/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 down</programlisting>
<para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå <quote>proxy ARP</quote>, èá èÝëåôå ôï
<filename>/etc/sliphome/slip.logout</filename> íá äéáãñÜöåé ôçí
êáôá÷þñéóç ARP ôïõ ðåëÜôç SLIP:</para>
<programlisting>#!/bin/sh -
#
# @(#)slip.logout
#
# logout file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with
# the parameters:
# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n
# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args
#
/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 down
# Quit answering ARP requests for the SLIP client
/usr/sbin/arp -d $5</programlisting>
<para>Ç <command>arp -d $5</command> äéáãñÜöåé ôçí êáôá÷þñéóç
ARP ðïõ ðñïóôÝèçêå ìå ôçí åêôÝëåóç ôïõ
<filename>slip.login</filename> ôïõ <quote>proxy ARP</quote>,
êáôÜ ôçí åßóïäï ôïõ ðåëÜôç SLIP.</para>
<para>ÐñÝðåé íá ôï åðáíáëÜâïõìå Üëëç ìéá öïñÜ: Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ôï
<filename>/etc/sliphome/slip.logout</filename> Ý÷åé ïñéóôåß ùò
åêôåëÝóéìï ìåôÜ ôçí äçìéïõñãßá ôïõ (ð.÷., <command>chmod 755
/etc/sliphome/slip.logout</command>).</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ÐáñÜãïíôåò ðïõ ÐñÝðåé íá ËÜâåôå Õðüøç óáò óôç
Äñïìïëüãçóç</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>SLIP</primary>
<secondary>routing</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Áí äåí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí ìÝèïäï <quote>proxy ARP</quote> ãéá íá
äñïìïëïãåßôå ðáêÝôá ìåôáîý ôùí ðåëáôþí SLIP êáé ôïõ õðüëïéðïõ
äéêôýïõ óáò (êáé åíäå÷ïìÝíùò êáé ôïõ Internet), èá ðñÝðåé ìÜëëïí íá
ðñïóèÝóåôå óôáôéêÝò äéáäñïìÝò ðñïò ôïí ðëçóéÝóôåñï óáò
ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï äñïìïëïãçôÞ ãéá íá äñïìïëïãåßôå ôï õðïäßêôõï ôùí SLIP
ðåëáôþí óáò äéáìÝóïõ ôïõ åîõðçñåôçôÞ SLIP.</para>
<sect4>
<title>ÓôáôéêÝò ÄéáäñïìÝò</title>
<indexterm><primary>static routes</primary></indexterm>
<para>Ç ðñïóèÞêç óôáôéêþí äéáäñïìþí ðñïò ôïõò ðëçóéÝóôåñïõò óáò
ðñïåðéëåãìÝíïõò äñïìïëïãçôÝò, ìðïñåß íá åßíáé ðñïâëçìáôéêÞ (Þ êáé
áäýíáôç áí äåí Ý÷åôå ôá êáôÜëëçëá äéêáéþìáôá ðñüóâáóçò). Áí
ç åôáéñßá óáò äéáèÝôåé äßêôõï ìå ðïëëáðëïýò äñïìïëïãçôÝò, êÜðïéá
ìïíôÝëá (ð.÷. áðü ôçí Cisco êáé ôçí Proteon), åêôüò üôé ðñÝðåé
íá ñõèìéóôïýí ìå ôçí óôáôéêÞ äéáäñïìÞ ðñïò ôï õðïäßêôõï SLIP,
ðñÝðåé åðßóçò íá ñõèìéóôïýí ìå ôéò óôáôéêÝò äéáäñïìÝò ðïõ èá
áíáöÝñïõí óôïõò Üëëïõò äñïìïëïãçôÝò. Èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá
ðåéñáìáôéóôåßôå êáé íá äïêéìÜóåôå äéÜöïñåò ñõèìßóåéò ãéá íá
äïõëÝøåé ç äñïìïëüãçóç ìÝóù óôáôéêþí äéáäñïìþí.</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</chapter>
